Ning Gu

Research Interests

Architectural computing and visualisation methods Architectural Science and Technology Automation and technology in building and construction Building information modelling and management Data visualisation and computational (incl. parametric and generative) design

Prof Ning Gu

Professor of Architecture

School of Architecture and Built Environment

College of Creative Arts, Design and Humanities

Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD - email supervisor to discuss availability.

Available For Media Comment.

Dr Ning Gu is a Professor in Architecture at the University of South Australia. He has researched in the broad areas of Architectural Computing and Design Cognition, including topics such as Computational Design Analysis; Computer-supported Collaborative Design; Interactive and Virtual Environments; Building Information Modelling (BIM); Generative and Parametric Design Systems; Intercultural Design and Communication; and Protocol Studies on designers' behaviour and cognition.
Professor Ning Gu’s scholarly outputs have been documented in over 240 peer-reviewed publications. His research has been supported by competitive grants valued at over 5 million Australian dollars, which include prestigious funding schemes such as the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Projects Grant; ARC Linkage Projects Grant; ARC Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities Grant; Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT) Innovation and Development Grant; and Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Grant.
Professor Gu is a current member of the Australian Research Council’s (ARC) College of Experts. He is an Associate Editor for the international journal Architectural Science Review (ASR, Q1), and has also guest-edited/chaired/reviewed for major international journals/conferences in the field. He was a Visiting Scholar at MIT, Columbia University and Eindhoven University of Technology.

Current reseach project highlights include:

2022- 2025: Thomas, B.H., Gu, N. (Chief Investigator) and Cunningham, A., Parametric VR: An Interactive Virtual Reality System for Parametric Design, Australian Research Council Discovery Projects (ARC DP) Grant, AUD$455,000.

2018- 2022: London, K. and Gu, N. (Chief Investigator), Rethinking Housing: Network Analysis for Digital Collaboration, Australian Research Council Discovery Projects (ARC DP) Grant, AUD$443,188.

2022- 2025: Barrie, H., Soebarto, V., Faulkner, D., Gu, N. (Chief Investigator), Kroll, D., Crawford-Pope, L. and Di Lernia, N., Determining the Social Value of Extreme, Mixed-use Urban Developments, Partners: Uniting Communities Incorporated and Australian Institute of Architects, Australian Research Council Linkage Projects (ARC LP) Grant, AUD$287,994.

2023: Craig, H., Arthur, P., Edmonds, P., Gu, N. (Chief Investigator), Smith, R., May, A., Maxwell-Stewart, H., Gibbs, M., Coleborne, C., Ryan, L., Palmer, B., Nichols, J., Barnett, T. and Lamond, J., Time Layered Cultural Map of Australia: Advanced Techniques and Big Data, Australian Research Council Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities (ARC LIEF) Grant, AUD$472,543.

2019- 2021: Craig, H., Verhoeven, D., Arthur, P., May, A., Smith, R., Gu, N. (Chief Investigator), Champion, E., Harvey, M., Haskins, V. and Ryan, L., Time-layered Cultural Map, Australian Research Council Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities (ARC LIEF) Grant, AUD$420,000.

Date Position Institution name
2023 - 2023 Acting Dean of Research University of South Australia
2020 - ongoing Professorial Lead University of South Australia
2019 - 2024 Deputy Director University of South Australia
2019 - 2019 Acting Head of School University of South Australia
2018 - 2020 Guest Professor Tianjin University
2016 - ongoing Professor in Architecture University of South Australia
2015 - 2016 Associate Professor in Architecture University of Newcastle Australia
2015 - 2016 Director, Research Higher Degrees University of Newcastle Australia
2011 - 2014 Senior Lecturer in Architecture University of Newcastle Australia
2011 - 2011 Visiting Scholar Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2011 - 2011 Visiting Scholar Eindhoven University of Technology
2006 - 2010 Lecturer in Architecture University of Newcastle Australia

Date Type Title Institution Name Country Amount
2023 Award Best Paper Award UNSW Sydney Australia -
2023 Research Award Senior-Career Researcher Award Finalist University of South Australia Australia -
2022 Research Award Senior-Career Researcher Award Finalist University of South Australia Australia -
2021 Research Award Senior-Career Researcher Award Finalist University of South Australia Australia -
2016 Distinction Secretary Association for Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia Hong Kong -
2012 Research Award Emerging Research Leader University of Newcastle Australia Australia -

Language Competency
Achinese Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review
English Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review

Date Institution name Country Title
2007 - 2007 University of Newcastle Australia Australia Graduate Certificate in the Practice of Tertiary Teaching
2002 - 2006 University of Sydney Australia Doctor of Philosophy
1998 - 2000 University of Sydney Australia Master of Design Science (Honours)
1993 - 1998 Shenzhen University China Bachelor of Architecture

Year Citation
2025 Masoumzadeh, S., Yu, R., Bornkessel Schlesewsky, I., Gu, N., Zhang, F., Cao, Z., & Sakhaei, H. (2025). Neuroscientific methodologies in urban studies: a systematic review and new directions for evidence-based urban design and planning. Cities & Health, online, 1-22.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2025 Teimouri, R., Karuppannan, S., Sivam, A., & Gu, N. (2025). Evaluation of Ecological Sustainability Criteria of Urban Green Spaces in Adelaide Metropolitan Area. Urban Science, 9(10, article no. 434), 1-26.
DOI
2025 Soltani, S., Abbasnejad, B., Gu, N., Yu, R., & Maxwell, D. (2025). A multi-faceted analysis of enablers and barriers of industrialised building: global insights for the Australian context. Buildings, 15(2, article no. 214), 1-33.
DOI
2025 Maheshwari, S., Ochoa, J. J., Gu, N., Rameezdeen, R., Mayer, W., & Doe, R. M. (2025). Improving information sharing in Offsite Construction (OSC): a systematic literature review. Buildings, 15(5), 1-20.
DOI
2025 Mahinkanda, M., Ochoa, J. J., Chileshe, N., Rameezdeen, R., & Gu, N. (2025). Optimizing design decisions for construction waste minimization through an interpretive structural modelling approach. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, online(5), 1-19.
DOI
2025 Rathnayake Mudiyanselage, I., Ochoa Paniagua, J., Gu, N., Rameezdeen, R., Statsenko, L., Sandhu, S., & Fayezi, S. (2025). Evaluating strategies for enhancing factors influencing sharing economy practices in the construction industry: a hybrid SWARA-WASPAS approach. Journal of Industrial Ecology, online(5), 1-20.
DOI
2025 Rathnayake, I., Ochoa, J. J., Gu, N., Rameezdeen, R., Statsenko, L., & Sandhu, S. (2025). Facilitating circularity through sharing economy practices in the construction industry: potential shareable resources. Construction Innovation-England, 25(7), 292-330.
DOI
2024 Rathnayake, I., Ochoa, J. J., Gu, N., Rameezdeen, R., Statsenko, L., & Sandhu, S. (2024). A critical review of the key aspects of sharing economy: a systematic literature review and research framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434(140378), 1-23.
DOI Scopus24 WoS20
2024 Khan, A. A., Yu, R., Liu, T., Gu, N., Walsh, J., & Mohandes, S. R. (2024). Nudge or mandate: an exploration into the constraints of volumetric modular construction in Australia. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, online, 1-34.
DOI Scopus6 WoS3
2024 Rathnayake, I., Ochoa, J. J., Gu, N., Rameezdeen, R., Statsenko, L., & Sandhu, S. (2024). Strategies for enhancing sharing economy practices across diverse industries: a systematic review. Sustainability, 16(20), 1-32.
DOI Scopus5 WoS4
2024 Liao, P., Gu, N., Yu, R., & Brisbin, C. (2024). Understanding the spatial structures and morphological changes of historic Chinese built environments using angular segment analysis. Architectural Science Review, 67(3), 218-236.
DOI
2024 Abbasnejad, B., Soltani, S., Karamoozian, A., & Gu, N. (2024). A systematic literature review on the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainability improvement of transportation construction projects: state-of-the-art and future directions. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, online, 1-37.
DOI
2024 Drogemuller, A., Matthews, B. J., Cunningham, A., Yu, R., Gu, N., & Thomas, B. H. (2024). Hey building! Novel interfaces for parametric design manipulations in virtual reality. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 8(540), 330-355.
DOI Scopus2 WoS1
2024 Yu, R., Gu, N., Liu, T., Guan, H., Oh, E., Sharifi, S., & Chang, R. (2024). AEC perceptions on DFMA collaboration and supporting technologies for prefabricated housing in Australia and New Zealand. Advanced Design Research, 2(2), 115-124.
DOI
2024 Wang, F., Gu, N., & Dang, Y. (2024). Measuring ecological effects and policy mechanisms of urban land use transition - a case study of Xi'an, China. International Journal of Urban Sciences, online(4), 1-37.
DOI Scopus3
2024 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Masoumzadeh, S. (2024). Exploring the impact of digital technologies on team collaborative design. Buildings, 14(10, article no. 3263), 1-14.
DOI
2023 Gu, N., Soltani, S., London, K., Pablo, Z., & Davis, A. (2023). Stakeholders' perceptions of digital collaboration in delivering a mixed-use housing development project: a case study in Australia. Buildings, 13(9), 1-25.
DOI Scopus3 WoS3
2023 Teimouri, R., Karuppannan, S., Sivam, A., Gu, N., & Yenneti, K. (2023). Exploring international perspective on factors affecting urban socio-ecological sustainability by green space planning. Sustainability, 15(19, article no. 14169), 1-22.
DOI Scopus5
2023 Mahinkanda, M. M. M. P., Ochoa Paniagua, J. J., Rameezdeen, R., Chileshe, N., & Gu, N. (2023). Design decision-making for construction waste minimisation: a systematic literature review. Buildings, 13(11, article no. 2763), 1-23.
DOI
2023 Sakhaei, H., Gu, N., & Looha, M. A. (2023). Assessing the association between subjective evaluation of space qualities and physiological responses through cinematic environments' emotion-eliciting stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-16.
DOI Scopus5 WoS2
2023 Yu, R., Schubert, G., & Gu, N. (2023). Biometric analysis in design cognition studies: a systematic literature review. Buildings, 13(3, article no. 630), 1-24.
DOI
2023 Wang, F., & Gu, N. (2023). Exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving factors of urban expansion in Xi'an during 1930-2014. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 27(1), 39-64.
DOI
2023 Khan, A. A., Yu, R., Liu, T., Gu, N., & Walsh, J. (2023). Volumetric modular construction risks: a comprehensive review and digital-technology-coupled circular mitigation strategies. Sustainability, 15(8, article no. 7019), 1-34.
DOI Scopus26 WoS21
2023 Khan, A. A., Yu, R., Gu, N., Liu, T., Walsh, J., Sepasgozar, S., & Crough, D. (2023). Exploring critical risk factors in volumetric modular construction: fault tree analysis with stakeholders' perspectives on probability and impact. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 29(4), 1-18.
DOI Scopus8 WoS5
2022 Yu, R., Gu, N., Lee, G., & Khan, A. (2022). A Systematic Review of Architectural Design Collaboration in Immersive Virtual Environments. Designs, 6(5), 93.
DOI Scopus36
2022 May, K. W., KC, C., Ochoa, J. J., Gu, N., Walsh, J., Smith, R. T., & Thomas, B. H. (2022). The identification, development, and evaluation of BIM-ARDM: a BIM-based AR defect management system for construction inspections. Buildings, 12(2), 1-28.
DOI Scopus39 WoS34
2022 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2022). Architects' perceptions about sustainable design practice and the support provided for this by digital tools: a study in Australia. Sustainability, 14(21, article no. 13849), 1-19.
DOI
2022 Liao, P., Yu, R., Gu, N., & Soltani, S. (2022). A syntactical spatio-functional analysis of four typical historic Chinese towns from a heritage tourism perspective. Land, 11(12, article no. 2181), 1-30.
DOI
2022 Soltani, S., Gu, N., Ochoa Paniagua, J., & Sivam, A. (2022). The role of spatial configuration in moderating the relationship between social sustainability and urban density. Cities, 121(103519), 1-20.
DOI
2022 Yu, R., Ostwald, M. J., Gu, N., Skates, H., & Feast, S. (2022). Evaluating the effectiveness of online teaching in architecture courses. Architectural Science Review, 65(2), 89-100.
DOI
2021 Liao, P., Gu, N., Yu, R., & Brisbin, C. (2021). Exploring the spatial pattern of historic Chinese towns and cities: a syntactical approach. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 10(3), 598-613.
DOI
2021 London, K., Pablo, Z., & Gu, N. (2021). Explanatory defect causation model linking digital innovation, human error and quality improvement in residential construction. Automation in Construction, 123(103505), 1-13.
DOI
2021 Gu, N., & Amini Behbahani, P. (2021). A critical review of computational creativity in built environment design. Buildings, 11(1, article no. 29), 1-16.
DOI
2021 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., Gu, N., & Roberts, M. (2021). Linguistic and cultural perspectives on globalised design education. International journal of technology and design education, 31(1), 165-181.
DOI
2021 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2021). A statistical shape grammar approach to analysing and generating design instances of Murcutt's domestic architecture. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(4), 929-944.
DOI
2021 Wang, F., & Gu, N. (2021). Impact of ecological security on urban sustainability in Western China-A case study of Xi'an. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(5), 1314-1339.
DOI Scopus12
2020 Soltani, S., Gu, N., Ochoa, J., Sivam, A., & Sun, X. (2020). Spatial configuration and density: how building density affects spatial arrangement of a neighbourhood. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 8(3), 87-100.
DOI Scopus8
2020 Gu, N., & Soebarto, V. (2020). Special double edition: socio-technological approaches to understanding and measuring building performance. Architectural Science Review, 63(3-4), 233-234.
DOI
2020 Amini Behbahani, P., Meng, L., & Gu, N. (2020). Walking distances from services and destinations for residential aged-care centres in Australian cities. Journal of Transport Geography, 85(102707), 1-8.
DOI
2019 Teimouri, R., Karuppannan, S., Sivam, A., & Gu, N. (2019). Social sustainability with Urban Green Space (UGS) planning. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(5), 236-246.
DOI
2019 Lee, J., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2019). Cognitive and linguistic differences in architectural design. Architectural science review, 62(3), 248-260.
DOI
2018 Phare, D., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2018). Representation in design communication: meaning-making in a collective context. Frontiers in built environment, 4(36), 1-9.
DOI
2018 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2018). Evaluating creativity in parametric design environments and geometric modelling environments. Architectural Science Review, 61(6), 443-453.
DOI
2018 Yu, R., Ostwald, M., & Gu, N. (2018). Mathematically defining and parametrically generating Traditional Chinese Private Gardens of the Suzhou region and style. Environment and planning B: urban analytics and city science, 45(1), 44-66.
DOI
2018 Lee, J., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2018). A Justified Plan Graph (JPG) grammar approach to identifying spatial design patterns in an architectural style. Environment and planning B: urban analytics and city science, 45(1), 67-89.
DOI
2017 Behbahani, P. A., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2017). Viraph: exploring the potentials of visibility graphs and their analysis. Visualization in engineering, 5(1, article no. 17), 1-11.
DOI
2017 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2017). A combined plan graph and massing grammar approach to Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie Architecture. Nexus network journal, 19(2), 279-299.
DOI
2016 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2016). The mathematics of spatial transparency and mystery: using syntactical data to visualise and analyse the properties of the Yuyuan Garden. Visualization in Engineering, 4(4), 1-9.
DOI
2016 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2016). The language of design: spatial cognition and spatial language in parametric design. International journal of architectural computing, 14(3), 277-288.
DOI
2016 Amini, B. P., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2016). A syntactical comparative analysis of the spatial properties of Prairie style and Victorian domestic architecture. Journal of Architecture, 21(3), 348-374.
DOI
2015 Yu, R., Gu, N., Ostwald, M., & Gero, J. S. (2015). Empirical support for problem-solution coevolution in a parametric design environment. Artificial Intelligence For Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 29(1), 33-44.
DOI
2015 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2015). A syntactical and grammatical approach to architectural configuration, analysis and generation. Architectural science review, 58(3), 189-204.
DOI
2015 Lee, J., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. J. (2015). Creativity and parametric design? Comparing designer's cognitive approaches with assessed levels of creativity. International journal of design creativity and innovation, 3(2), 78-94.
DOI
2015 Yu, R., Gero, J. S., & Gu, N. (2015). Architects' cognitive behaviour in parametric design. International journal of architectural computing, 13(1), 83-101.
DOI
2015 Yu, R., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2015). Parametrically generating new instances of traditional Chinese private gardens that replicate selected socio-spatial and aesthetic properties. Nexus Network Journal, 17(3), 807-829.
DOI
2014 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., & Williams, A. P. (2014). Parametric design strategies for the generation of creative designs. International journal of architectural computing, 12(3), 263-282.
DOI
2014 Tuapawa, K., Sher, W., & Gu, N. (2014). Pentexonomy: a multi-dimensional taxonomy of educational online technologies. International journal of web-based learning and teaching technologies, 9(1), 41-59.
DOI
2013 Lee, J. H., Song, J. H., Oh, K. S., & Gu, N. (2013). Information lifecycle management with RFID for material control on construction sites. Advanced engineering informatics, 27(1), 108-119.
DOI
2013 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Lee, J. H. (2013). Comparing designers' behavior in responding to unexpected discoveries in parametric design environments and geometry modeling environments. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 11(4), 393-414.
DOI
2013 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2013). Comparing designers' problem-solving behavior in a parametric design environment and a geometric modeling environment. Buildings, 3(3), 621-638.
DOI
2013 Merrick, K. E., Isaacs, A., Barlow, M., & Gu, N. (2013). A shape grammar approach to computational creativity and procedural content generation in massively multiplayer online role playing games. Entertainment computing, 4(2), 115-130.
DOI
2012 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2012). Using situated FBS ontology to explore designers' patterns of behavior in parametric environments. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 17(special issue), 271-282.
2012 Singh, V., & Gu, N. (2012). Towards an integrated generative design framework. Design studies, 33(2), 185-207.
DOI
2011 Merrick, K. E., Gu, N., & Wang, X. (2011). Case studies using multiuser virtual worlds as an innovative platform for collaborative design. Journal of information technology in construction (ITcon), 16(special issue), 165-188.
2011 Gu, N., Kim, M. J., & Maher, M. L. (2011). Technological advancements in synchronous collaboration: the effect of 3D virtual worlds and tangible user interfaces on architectural design. Automation in construction, 20(3), 270-278.
DOI
2011 Singh, V., Gu, N., & Wang, X. (2011). A theoretical framework of a BIM-based multi-disciplinary collaboration platform. Automation in construction, 20(2), 134-144.
DOI
2010 Olatunji, O. A., Sher, W., & Gu, N. (2010). Building information modeling and quantity surveying practice. Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 15(1), 67-70.
2010 Gu, N., & London, K. (2010). Understanding and facilitating BIM adoption in the AEC industry. Automation in construction, 19(8), 988-999.
DOI
2010 Gu, N., & Tsai, J. J. H. (2010). Interactive graphical representation for collaborative 3D virtual worlds. Computer-aided civil and infrastructure engineering, 25(1), 55-68.
DOI
2009 Dong, A., Maher, M. L., Kim, M. J., Gu, N., & Wang, X. (2009). Construction defect management using a telematic digital workbench. Automation in Construction, 18(6), 814-824.
DOI
2009 Gu, N., & Tsai, J. J. H. (2009). Interactive graphical representation for architectural style study in 3D virtual worlds. Architectural science review, 52(2), 99-107.
DOI
2009 Gao, Y., & Gu, N. (2009). Complexity, human agents, and architectural design: a computational framework. Design principles and practices: an international journal, 3(6), 115-125.
2008 Wang, X., Gu, N., & Marchant, D. (2008). An empirical study on designers' perceptions of augmented reality within an architectural firm. Journal of information technology in construction, 13(special issue), 536-552.
2008 Gül, L. F., Gu, N., & Williams, A. (2008). Virtual worlds as a constructivist learning platform: evaluations of 3D virtual worlds on design teaching and learning. Journal of information technology in construction (ITcon), 13(special issue), 578-593.

Year Citation
2025 Khan, A. A., Yu, R., Gu, N., Walsh, J., & Liu, T. (2025). Making a Case for Circular Economy Principles in Modular Construction: Identifying Key Determinant Factors. In Event/exhibition information: 46th AUBEA 2023, Australia, 26/11/2023-28/11/2023
Source details - Title: Creating Capacity and Capability: Embracing Advanced Technologies and Innovations for Sustainable Future in Building Education and Practice. AUBEA 2023 (Vol. 564 LNCE, pp. 53-68). Singapore: Springer.
DOI
2024 Gu, N., Yu, R., London, K., Pablo, Z., & Roberts, M. (2024). Evaluating the use of digital technologies to support design collaboration. In J. H. Lee, M. J. Ostwald, & M. J. Kim (Eds.), Source details - Title: Multimodality in Architecture (pp. 39-64). Switzerland: Springer.
DOI
2024 Najafi, P., Soltani, A., Khan, A. A., Chizfahm, M., Sepasgozar, S. M. E., & Gu, N. (2024). Digital twin for urban decision support systems. In S. M. E. Sepasgozar, & S. Shirowzhan (Eds.), Source details - Title: Digital Twin Adoption and BIM-GIS Implementation (pp. 110-144). UK: Routledge.
DOI
2023 Yu, R., & Gu, N. (2023). Future learning in the metaverse - an exploration of virtual architectural design studios. In J. Lee (Ed.), Source details - Title: Cultural Space on Metaverse (pp. 3-26). Singapore: Springer.
DOI
2022 Nichols, J., Du, J. T., Peters, S., Fong, D., Harris Faull, A., Gu, N., . . . Fardous, J. (2022). Conceptualizing co-mapping knowledges to promote social justice outcomes with Aboriginal communities through design pedagogy. In B. Mehdra (Ed.), Source details - Title: Social Justice Design and Implementation in Library and Information Science (pp. 1-22). US: Routledge.
DOI
2019 Soltani, S., Gu, N., Ochoa Paniagua, J., Sivam, A., & McGinley, T. (2019). Investigating the social impacts of high-density neighbourhoods through spatial analysis. In J. Lee (Ed.), Event/exhibition information: 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures: CAAD Futures 2019: Computer-Aided Architectural Design. "Hello, culture", Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 26/06/2019-28/06/2019
Source details - Title: 18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019: Computer-Aided Architectural Design. "Hello, culture" (pp. 264-278). Singapore: Springer.
DOI
2019 Lee, J. H., & Gu, N. (2019). Historical Building Information Model (BIM)+: sharing, preserving and reusing architectural design data. In J. Kramer-Smyth (Ed.), Source details - Title: Partners for preservation: advancing digital preservation through cross-community collaboration (pp. 123-144). UK: Facet Publishing.
2018 Gu, N., Yu, R., & Amini Behbahani, P. (2018). Parametric design: theoretical development and algorithmic foundation for design generation in architecture. In B. Sriraman (Ed.), Source details - Title: Handbook of the mathematics of the arts and sciences (pp. 1-22). Switzerland: Springer.
DOI
2018 Gu, N., & Amini Behbahani, P. (2018). Shape grammars: a key generative design algorithm. In Source details - Title: Handbook of the mathematics of the arts and sciences (pp. 1385-1405). Switzerland: Springer.
DOI
2018 Lee, J. H., & Gu, N. (2018). A design grammar for identifying spatial uniqueness of Murcutt's rural houses. In J. -H. Lee (Ed.), Source details - Title: Computational studies on cultural variation and heredity (pp. 189-205). Singapore: Springer.
DOI
2017 Gu, N., Yu, R., & Ostwald, M. (2017). Unpacking the cultural DNA of traditional Chinese private gardens through mathematical measurement and parametric design. In J. -H. Lee (Ed.), Source details - Title: Morphological Analysis of Cultural DNA (pp. 59-75). Singapore: Springer.
DOI
2017 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2017). Cognitive challenges for teamwork in design. In R. Tucker (Ed.), Source details - Title: Collaboration and student engagement in design education (pp. 55-75). US: IGI Global.
DOI
2015 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2015). Using a JPG grammar to explore the syntax of a style: an application to the architecture of Glenn Murcutt. In J. S. Gero, & S. Hanna (Eds.), Source details - Title: Design computing and cognition '14 (pp. 589-604). Switzerland: Springer.
DOI
2015 Gu, N. (2015). Generative design grammars: an intelligent approach towards dynamic and autonomous design. In M. J. Ostwald (Ed.), Source details - Title: Architecture and mathematics from antiquity to the future: volume II: the 1500s to the future (Vol. 2, pp. 619-631). Switzerland: Springer.
DOI
2014 Gül, L. F., Kim, M. J., Gu, N., & Wang, X. (2014). Methods for assessing 3D virtual worlds in design education. In Source details - Title: Cases on the assessment of scenario and game-based virtual worlds in higher education (pp. 152-174). US: IGI Global.
DOI
2014 Gu, N., Singh, V., & London, K. (2014). BIM ecosystem: the coevolution of products, processes, and people. In K. M. Kensek, & D. Noble (Eds.), Source details - Title: Building information modeling: BIM in current and future practice (pp. 197-210). US: Wiley-Blackwell.
DOI
2012 Gül, L. F., Williams, A., & Gu, N. (2012). Constructivist learning theory in virtual design studios. In Source details - Title: Computational design methods and technologies: applications in CAD, CAM and CAE education (pp. 139-162). US: IGI Global.
DOI
2012 Giggins, H., & Gu, N. (2012). Web 2.0 opportunities for professional placement. In C. Simmons, A. Williams, W. Sher, & T. (Eds) (Eds.), Source details - Title: Work ready: e-portfolios to support professional placements (pp. 123-136). Australia: Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT).
2012 Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. J. (2012). Computational methods and technologies: reflections on their impact on design and education. In Source details - Title: Computational design methods and technologies: applications in CAD, CAM and CAE education (pp. 412-419). US: IGI Global.
DOI
2012 Kim, M. J., Maher, M. L., & Gu, N. (2012). Mobile and pervasive computing: the future for design collaboration. In C. J. Anumba, & X. Wang (Eds.), Source details - Title: Mobile and pervasive computing in construction (pp. 169-188). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
DOI
2011 Williams, A., Gu, N., & Gul, L. (2011). The introduction of a problem-based learning approach to the implementation of a virtual reality context. In Source details - Title: Teaching and learning in 3D immersive worlds: pedagogical models and constructivist approaches (pp. 226-246). US: Information Science Reference.
DOI
2011 Gu, N., & Merrick, K. (2011). A pedagogical approach to exploring place and interaction design in collaborative virtual environments. In X. Tsai (Ed.), Source details - Title: Collaborative design in virtual environments (pp. 111-120). UK: Springer.
DOI
2010 Olatunji, O. A., Sher, W. D., & Gu, N. (2010). Modelling outcomes of collaboration in building information modelling through gaming theory lenses. In I. Wallis, L. Bilan, M. Smith, & A. Kazi (Eds.), Source details - Title: Industrialised, Integrated, Intelligent Sustainable Construction (pp. 93-108). UK: I3CON & BSRIA.
2010 Gu, N., & Wang, X. (2010). Augmented reality: a novel approach to interfacing building information modelling servers for design collaboration. In P. Geller (Ed.), Source details - Title: Built environment: design, management and applications (pp. 319-334). US: Nova Science Publishers.
2010 Gül, L. F., Williams, A. P., & Gu, N. (2010). Understanding the role of virtual environments in collaborative design. In A. Fioravanti, E. Kalay, & G. Carrara (Eds.), Source details - Title: Collaborative working environments for architectural design (pp. 105-117). Italy: Palombi Editori.
2010 London, K., Singh, V., Gu, N., Taylor, C., & Brankovic, L. (2010). Towards the development of a project decision support framework for adoption of an integrated building information model using a model server. In Source details - Title: Handbook of research on building information modeling and construction informatics: concepts and technologies (pp. 270-300). US: Information Science Reference.
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2010 Gu, N., Singh, V., Taylor, C., London, K., & Brankovic, L. (2010). BIM adoption: expectations across disciplines. In J. Underwood, & U. Isikdag (Eds.), Source details - Title: Handbook of Research on Building Information Modeling and Construction Informatics: Concepts and Technologies (pp. 501-520). US: IGI Global.
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2009 Gul, L. F., Gu, N., & Williams, A. (2009). The impact of embodiment on design cognition: a method to investigate design behaviour in collaborative design environments. In Source details - Title: Computing, cognition and education: recent research in the architectural sciences (pp. 111-126). Australia: Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA).
2009 Gu, N., & Singh, V. (2009). Building information modelling: implications for the AEC industry. In Source details - Title: Computing, cognition and education: recent research in the architectural sciences (pp. 47-62). Australia: Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA).
2009 Gu, N., Gul, L. F., Williams, A., & Nakapan, W. (2009). Second life: a context for design learning. In Source details - Title: Higher education in virtual worlds: teaching and learning in second life (pp. 159-180). UK: Emerald.
2008 Gu, N. (2008). A grammar for dynamic and autonomous design in 3D virtual environments. In K. Williams (Ed.), Source details - Title: Nexus VII: Architecture and Mathematics (pp. 11-22). Italy: Kim Williams Books.
2007 Gu, N., & Maher, M. L. (2007). Designing curious places: digital and computing technologies in the workplace. In J. Calder (Ed.), Source details - Title: Public #3 worklife (pp. 101-115). Australia: WB Research Press.

Year Citation
2025 Khan, A. A., Yu, R., Gu, N., Walsh, J., & Liu, T. (2025). Application of Virtual Reality to Mitigate the Onsite Assembly Risks of Modular Construction: Training and Assessment Scenarios. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Vol. 564 LNCE (pp. 279-296). Singapore: Springer.
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2025 Mahinkanda, M. M. M. P., Paniagua, J. J. O., Rameezdeen, R., Chileshe, N., & Gu, N. (2025). Design decisions towards minimizing construction waste in building projects-reasons for the information gap: an interpretive structural modelling approach. In M. Sutrisna (Ed.), Creating Capacity and Capability: Embracing Advanced Technologies and Innovations for Sustainable Future in Building Education and Practice. AUBEA 2023. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (pp. 397-414). Singapore: Springer.
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2024 Masoumzadeh, S., Yu, R., Gu, N., Bornkessel Schlesewsky, I., Cao, J., & Zhang, F. (2024). Designing in different realities: how virtual environment fidelity influences design thinking-Insights from pilot studies. In F. Zhang (Ed.), Harmony in Architectural Science and Design: Sustaining the Future. Proceedings of the 57th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (pp. 180-187). Australia: The Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA).
2024 Sakhaei, H., Drogemuller, A., Yu, R., Cunningham, A., Thomas, B. H., & Gu, N. (2024). Towards an immersive design experience: initial user requirements to integrate parametric design with virtual reality. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Architectural Science Association (pp. 310-318). Australia: The Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA).
2024 Teimouri, R., Masoumzadeh Sayyar, S., Yu, R., & Gu, N. (2024). A theoretical framework for development of virtual environments to aid contextual architecture. In F. Zhang, R. Yu, C. Bischeri, T. Liu, & M. Khoshbakht (Eds.), ASA 2024 Harmony in Architectural Science and Design: Sustaining the Future Conference Proceedings (pp. 140-147). Australia: The Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA).
2024 Rathnayake, I., Ochoa, J. J., Gu, N., Rameezdeen, R., Statsenko, L., & Sandhu, S. (2024). Building the future: fostering circularity through the new dawn of sharing economy practices in the construction industry. In Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2024 - Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference (pp. 849-858). US: Association of Researchers in Construction Management.
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2023 Shtykov, A., Gu, N., Barrie, H., Soebarto, V., Faulkner, D., & Kroll, D. (2023). Live data-driven digital twin approach for assessing social and environmental building performances in high-rise mixed-use developments: a conceptual framework and evaluation of the operational platforms for its implementation. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Architectural Science Association (pp. 508-521). Australia: Australia The Architectural Science Association ANZAScA.
2023 May, K. W., Walsh, J., Smith, R. T., Gu, N., & Thomas, B. H. (2023). Examining VR Technologies for Immersive Lighting Performance Simulation and Visualisation in Building Design and Analysis. In Proceedings 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops Vrw 2023 (pp. 913-914). USA: IEEE COMPUTER SOC.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2023 Drogemuller, A., Sakhaei, H., Cunningham, A., Yu, R., & Gu, N. (2023). Envisioning paramersive design: an immersive approach to architectural design and review. In Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct, ISMAR-Adjunct 2023 (pp. 261-265). US: IEEE.
DOI Scopus4
2022 May, K. W., Jing, A., Walsh, J., Smith, R. T., Gu, N., & Thomas, B. H. (2022). Towards a Quantitative Approach for Monitoring and Evaluating Construction Defect Management Inspection Performance using Eye-tracking Technologies. In Proceedings 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct Ismar Adjunct 2022 (pp. 776-781). US: IEEE COMPUTER SOC.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2022 Dias Guimaraes, G., Gu, N., Gomes, V., Ochoa Paniagua, J., Rameezdeen, R., Mayer, W., & Kim, K. (2022). Data, stakeholders and environmental assessment: a BIM-enabled approach to designing-out construction and demolition waste. In Post-carbon, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) Vol. 2 (pp. 587-596). Australia: CAADRIA.
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2022 May, K., Walsh, J., Smith, R., Gu, N., & Thomas, B. (2022). UnityRev - Bridging the gap between BIM authoring platforms and game engines by creating a real-time bi-directional exchange of BIM data. In Post-carbon, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) Vol. 2 (pp. 527-536). Australia: CAADRIA.
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2022 Teimouri, R., Karuppannan, S., Sivam, A., Gu, N., & Bassiri Abyaneh, A. (2022). Investigation of Urban Green Space (UGS) accessibility in Adelaide metropolitan area using network analyst. In International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives Vol. 48 (pp. 183-188). Australia: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
DOI Scopus2
2021 Calixto, V., Canuto, R., Noronha, M., Afrooz, A., Gu, N., & Celani, G. (2021). A layered approach for the data-driven design of smart cities. In A. Globa (Ed.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) 2021, Volume 2 (pp. 739-748). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
2020 Soltani, S., Dias Guimaraes, G., Liao, P., Calixto, V., & Gu, N. (2020). Computational design sustainability: a conceptual framework for built environment research. In eCAADe – Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Vol. 1 (pp. 219-228). UK: Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe.
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2020 Dias Guimaraes, G., Gu, N., Gomes, V., & Ochoa Paniagua, J. (2020). A conceptual framework for construction and demolition waste prevention in building's design phase. In 54th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (pp. 31-40). Australia: Architectural Science Association.
2020 Arthur, P. L., Champion, E., Craig, H., Gu, N., Harvey, M., Haskins, V., . . . Verhoeven, D. (2020). Time-layered cultural map of Australia. In S. Reinsone (Ed.), Proceedings of the Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries 5th Conference Vol. 2612 (pp. 184-191). Germany: RWTH Aachen University.
2020 May, K. W., Walsh, J., Smith, R. T., Gu, N., & Thomas, B. H. (2020). VRGlare: A Virtual Reality Lighting Performance Simulator for real-time Three-Dimensional Glare Simulation and Analysis. In Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction Isarc 2020 from Demonstration to Practical Use to New Stage of Construction Robot (pp. 32-39). UK: International Association on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC).
DOI Scopus7
2019 London, K., Pablo, Z., & Gu, N. (2019). Robustness as resilience, mobility and stability: an actor-network approach to identifying typologies of Australian pop-up shelters. In CIB World Building Congress 2019: Constructing Smart Cities (pp. 1-10). China: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction.
2019 Calixto, V., Gu, N., & Celani, G. (2019). A critical framework of smart cities development. In Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA conference: intelligent & informed (pp. 685-694). China: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia.
2019 Soltani, S., Gu, N., Ochoa Paniagua, J., Sivam, A., & McGinley, T. (2019). A computational approach to measuring social impact of urban density through mixed methods using spatial analysis. In CAADRIA 2019 proceedings Vol. 1 (pp. 321-330). China: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia.
2019 Liao, P., Gu, N., Brisbin, C., Rofe, M., & Soltani, S. (2019). Computationally mapping spatial properties of Chinese historic towns using space syntax. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2019) Vol. 1 (pp. 362-370). Hong Kong: The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA).
2019 Liao, P., Gu, N., Brisbin, C., & Rofe, M. (2019). Discovering the spatial properties of Chinese historic towns through mathematical means: an evidence-based approach. In Proceedings of the 12th Space Syntax Symposium (pp. 1-16). China: Beijing Jiaotong University.
2018 Liao, P., Rofe, M., Brisbin, C., & Gu, N. (2018). Towards a new computational approach to conserving the spatial authenticity of historic towns within a heritage tourism framework. In R. Amoêda, & S. Pinheiro (Eds.), Heritage 2018: proceedings of the 6th international conference on heritage and sustainable development Vol. 2 (pp. 1769-1780). Portugal: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development.
2018 Lee, J., Gu, N., Taylor, M., & Ostwald, M. (2018). Rethinking and designing the key behaviours of architectural responsiveness in the digital age. In T. Fukuda (Ed.), Learning, adapting and prototyping : Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) 2018 Vol. 1 (pp. 359-368). Hong Kong: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA).
2018 Soltani, S., Gu, N., Sivam, A., Ochoa Paniagua, J., & McGinley, T. (2018). Social sustainability in the built environment: a critical conceptual framework. In Unmaking waste (pp. 1-12). Australia: Zero Waste SA Research Centre for Sustainable Design and Behaviour, School of Art, Architecture and Design, University of South Australia Zero Waste.
2018 Shrestha, R., Sivam, A., Karuppannan, S., Crocker, R., Gu, N., & KC, C. (2018). Waste management in developing low carbon precincts. In Unmaking Waste (pp. 1-13). Australia: Zero Waste SA Research Centre for Sustainable Design and Behaviour, School of Art, Architecture and Design, University of South Australia Zero Waste.
2017 Amini Behbahani, P., Gu, N., Nichols, J., & McGinley, T. (2017). Space syntax in design curriculum: opportunities and challenges. In M. A. Schnabel (Ed.), Back to the future: the next 50 years (pp. 539-548). New Zealand: Architectural Science Association.
2017 McGinley, T., Abroe, B., Kroll, D., Murphy, M., Sare, T., & Gu, N. (2017). Agile X UniSA Pavilion: Agile principles and the parametric paradox. In CAADRIA 2017 - 22nd International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia: Protocols, Flows and Glitches (pp. 169-178). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
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2016 Phare, D., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2016). Representation in collective design: are there differences between expert designers and the crowd?. In Y. Luo (Ed.), CDVE 2016: Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering (pp. 59-68). Switzerland: Springer.
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2016 Foulcher, N. C., Askland, H. H., & Gu, N. (2016). Disruptions: impact of digital design technologies on continuity in established design process paradigms. In S. Chien, S. Choo, M. A. Schnabel, W. Nakapan, M. J. Kim, & S. Roudavski (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia: Living Systems and Micro-Utopias: Towards Continuous Designing, CAADRIA 2016 (pp. 819-828). Australia: CAADRIA.
2016 Gu, N., Yu, R., & Ostwald, M. (2016). Computational analysis and generation of traditional Chinese private gardens through space syntax and parametric design. In S. Chien, S. Choo, M. A. Schnabel, W. Nakapan, M. J. Kim, & S. Roudavski (Eds.), 21st International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia: Living Systems and Micro-Utopias: Towards Continuous Designing, CAADRIA 2016 proceedings (pp. 95-104). Australia: CAADRIA.
2016 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. J. (2016). Mathematical analysis and grammatical generation of design instances of Murcutt's domestic architecture. In J. Zuo, L. Daniel, & V. Soebarto (Eds.), Fifty years later: Revisiting the role of architectural science in design and practice (pp. 169-178). Australia: The Architectural Science Association.
2015 Amini Behbahani, P., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2015). Investigating the significance of wholeness in Prairie style planning using space syntax. In V. Popovic, A. Blackler, D. -B. Luh, N. Nimkulrat, B. Kraal, & A. Nagai (Eds.), International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR) 2015: Interplay proceedings (pp. 49-61). Australia: IASDR.
2015 Oxman, R., & Gu, N. (2015). Theories and models of parametric design thinking. In B. Martens (Ed.), eCAADe 2015: Real time: extending the reach of computation: proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Vol. 2 (pp. 477-482). UK: eCAADe Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe.
2015 Yu, R., Ostwald, M., & Gu, N. (2015). Empirical evidence of designers' cognitive behavior in a parametric design environment and a geometric modeling environment. In Proceedings of the International Association of Societies Design Research (IASDR) conference 2015: interplay (pp. 2437-2446). Australia: IASDR.
2015 Yu, R., Behbahani, P. A., Ostwald, M., & Gu, N. (2015). Wayfinding in traditional Chinese private gardens: a spatial analysis of the Yuyuan garden. In Living and Learning: Research for a Better Built Environment: 49th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (pp. 931-939). Australia: Architectural Science Association.
2015 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2015). Multi-cultural design communication: exploring both cognitive and linguistic characteristics in the design process. In Emerging experience in past, present and future of digital architecture: proceedings of the 20th international conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (pp. 1-10). Korea: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia.
2014 Phare, D., Gu, N., & Williams, A. (2014). A semiotic analysis of representational imagery used in a collective design task. In N. Gu, S. Watanabe, H. Erhan, M. Haeusler, W. Huang, & R. Sosa (Eds.), Rethinking comprehensive design: speculative counterculture, proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia CAADRIA (pp. 431-440). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
2014 Yu, R., Gero, J., & Gu, N. (2014). Cognitive effects of using parametric modeling by practicing architects: a preliminary study. In N. Gu, S. Watanabe, H. Erhan, M. H. Haeusler, W. Huang, & R. Sosa (Eds.), Rethinking comprehensive design: speculative counterculture, proceedings of the 19th international conference on computer-aided architectural design research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) (pp. 677-686). Japan: CAADRIA.
2014 Foulcher, N. C., Gu, N., & Askland, H. H. (2014). The perceived effect of digital design technology on student learning in architectural technology. In Across: architectural research through to practice: 48th international conference of the Architectural Science Association 2014 (pp. 35-46). Italy: Genova University Press.
2014 Behbahani, P. A., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. J. (2014). Comparing the properties of different space syntax techniques for analysing interiors. In F. Madeo, & M. A. Schnabel (Eds.), Across: architectural research through to practice: 48th international conference of the Architectural Science Association 2014 (pp. 683-694). Italy: Architectural Science Association.
2014 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., Jupp, J., & Sherratt, S. (2014). Evaluating creativity in parametric design processes and products: a pilot study. In J. Gero (Ed.), Design computing and cognition '12 (pp. 165-183). Netherlands: Springer.
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2014 Phare, D., Gu, N., Ostwald, M. J., & Williams, T. (2014). A method to code shifting semiotic states in design. In F. Madeo, & M. A. Schnabel (Eds.), Across: 48th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA): Architectural Research Through to Practice (pp. 251-262). Italy: Genova University Press.
2014 Yu, R., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2014). A parametric approach to connectivity relations in the planning of traditional Chinese private gardens. In F. Madeo, & M. A. Schnabel (Eds.), Across: Architectural Research through to Practice: 48th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) 2014 (pp. 189-200). Italy: Architectural Science Association & Genova University Press.
2013 Behbahani, P. A., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. J. (2013). Using graphs to capture spatio-visual relations: expanding the properties considered in discursive grammar. In Cutting edge: proceedings of the 47th international conference of the architectural science association (pp. 187-196). Hong Kong: Architectural Science Association.
2013 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. J. (2013). Architectural design using algorithmic scripting: an application of linkographic analysis techniques. In M. A. Schnabel (Ed.), Cutting Edge: Proceedings of the 47th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (pp. 133-142). Hong Kong: Architectural Science Association.
2013 Gregory, S., Gregory, B., Reiners, T., Fardinpour, A., Hillier, M., Lee, M. J. W., . . . Larson, I. (2013). Virtual worlds in Australian and New Zealand higher education: Remembering the past, Understanding the present and imagining the future. In 30th Annual Conference on Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Ascilite 2013 (pp. 312-324).
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2013 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., Ostwald, M. J., & Jupp, J. (2013). Understanding cognitive activities in parametric design. In Z. Jianlong, & C. Sun (Eds.), CAAD futures 2013: global design and local materialization (pp. 38-49). Germany: Springer.
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2013 Yu, R., Gero, J., & Gu, N. (2013). Impact of using rule algorithms on designers' behavior in a parametric design environment: preliminary result from a pilot study. In J. Zhang, & C. Sun (Eds.), CAAD Futures 2013: Global Design and Local Materialization (pp. 13-22). Germany: Springer.
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2013 Lee, J. H., Ostwald, M. J., & Gu, N. (2013). Combining space syntax and shape grammar to investigate architectural style: considering Glenn Murcutt's domestic designs. In Y. Kim, & H. Seo (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium (pp. 1-13). South Korea: Sejong University Press.
2013 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2013). A method for comparing designers' behavior in two environments: Parametric and geometric modeling. In Open systems - Proceedings of the 18th International conference on computer-aided architectural design research in Asia, CAADRIA 2013 (pp. 479-488). Singapore: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia.
2013 Phare, D., Gu, N., Williams, A., & Laughland, C. (2013). A semiotic framework to understand how signs in a collective design task convey information: a pilot study of design in an open crowd context. In M. Schnabel (Ed.), Cutting Edge: 47th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (pp. 473-482). Australia: Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA).
2013 Lee, J., Gu, N., & Williams, A. (2013). Exploring design strategy in parametric design to support creativity. In R. Stouffs, P. Janssen, S. Roudavski, & B. Tunçer (Eds.), Open systems: proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (pp. 489-498). Singapore: CAADRIA.
2012 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2012). Situated creativity inspired in parametric design environments. In A. Duffy, Y. Nagai, & T. Taura (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Design Creativity (pp. 221-230). Scotland: ICDC.
2012 Oxman, R., & Gu, N. (2012). Crowdsourcing: theoretical framework, computational environments and design scenarios. In H. Achten, J. Pavlicek, J. Hulin, & D. Matejdan (Eds.), Digital physicality: proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Vol. 1 (pp. 393-402). Prague: eCAADe.
2012 Gu, N., & de Vries, B. (2012). Two approaches to implementing BIM in architectural curricula. In H. Achten, J. Pavlicek, J. Hulin, & D. Matejdan (Eds.), Digital physicality: proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Vol. 1 (pp. 39-48). Prague: eCAADe.
2012 Dosen, A. S., Sher, W., Gajendran, T., & Gu, N. (2012). Teaching CAD: the challenges of online delivery to distance learning students. In I. Kamardeen, S. Newton, B. Lim, & M. Loosemore (Eds.), Proceedings of the 37th Australasian Universities Building Educators Association (AUBEA) International Conference (pp. 48-55). Sydney: University of New South Wales.
2012 Morrison, T., Gu, N., & Foulcher, N. (2012). Applying augmented reality to preserving industrial heritage. In S. Dunn, J. P. Bowen, & K. Ng (Eds.), VA London 2012: Electronic visualisation and the arts (pp. 192-198). UK: BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT.
2012 Gregory, S., Gregory, B., Hillier, M., Jacka, L., Schutt, S., Ellis, D., . . . McCarthy, A. (2012). Sustaining the future through virtual worlds. In Ascilite 2012 Annual Conference of the Australian Society for Computers in Tertiary Education.
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2012 Yu, R., Gu, N., & Ostwald, M. (2012). Explore patterns of human-computer interactions in parametric design environments. In Y. C. Lin, & S. C. J. Kang (Eds.), CONVR 2012: proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Construction Application of Virtual Reality (pp. 212-222). Taiwan: CONVR.
2011 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., & Sherratt, S. (2011). Developing a framework for evaluating creativity in parametric design. In R. Hyde, A. Shahriar, S. Hayman, & D. Cabrera (Eds.), Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) (pp. 1-8). Sydney: University of Sydney.
2011 Lee, J. H., Gu, N., Jupp, J., & Sherratt, S. (2011). Towards a formal evaluation of creativity in parametric design process: a pilot study. In P. Israsena, J. Tangsantikul, & D. Durling (Eds.), Proceedings of Design Research Society 2012 Conference Vol. 1 (pp. 959-970). Thailand: DRS.
2011 Foulcher, N., & Gu, N. (2011). A study for exploring student's perceptions on the role and effect of CAD in conceptual design. In R. Hyde, A. Shahriar, S. Hayman, & D. Cabrera (Eds.), Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) (pp. 1-8). Sydney: University of Sydney.
2011 Kim, M. J., Lee, J. H., & Gu, N. (2011). Design collaboration for intelligent construction management in mobile augmented reality. In Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011) (pp. 1073-1078). South Korea: IAARC Publications.
2011 Shih, Y. T., Williams, A., Gu, N., & Lee, J. H. (2011). A switching coding scheme for exploring design cognition in mixed media environments. In R. Hyde, A. Shahriar, S. Hayman, & D. Cabrera (Eds.), Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association ANZAScA (pp. 1-8). Australia: University of Sydney.
2011 Shih, Y. T., Williams, A., & Gu, N. (2011). A method to investigate differences of sketching before and during CAD modelling design process. In H. Elkadi, L. Xu, & J. Coulson (Eds.), Proceedings of Architecture @ the Edge: Association of Architecture Schools of Australasia 2011 International Conference p. 308-318 (pp. 308-318). Australia: Deakin University.
2011 Morrison, T., & Gu, N. (2011). What architectural historians can learn from augmented reality technologies?. In J. P. Bowen, S. Dunn, & K. Ng (Eds.), EVA London 2011: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts Proceedings (pp. 191-196). UK: British Computer Society.
2011 Sherratt, S., Gu, N., & Jones, W. (2011). The impact of haptic devices on designers and the design process. In R. Hyde, A. Shahriar, S. Hayman, & D. Cabrera (Eds.), Proceedings of 45th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) (pp. 1-9). Sydney: University of Sydney.
2011 Merrick, K., & Gu, N. (2011). Supporting collective intelligence for design in virtual worlds: a case study of the Lego universe. In P. Leclercq, A. Heylighen, & G. Martin (Eds.), CAAD Futures 2011: designing together: proceedings of the 14th International conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design (pp. 637-651). Belgium: CAAD Futures Foundation.
2011 Nakapan, W., & Gu, N. (2011). Preliminary experiments of OpenSim performance evaluation for virtual design studios. In C. M. Herr, N. Gu, S. Roudavsky, & M. A. Schnabel (Eds.), Circuit bending, breaking and mending: proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2011) (pp. 251-260). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
2011 Williams, A., Gu, N., & Askland, H. H. (2011). Virtuality - offering opportunities for creativity?. In T. Nagai (Ed.), Design Creativity 2010 (pp. 183-190). UK: Springer-Verlag.
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2011 Kim, M. J., Lee, J. H., & Gu, N. (2011). Design collaboration for intelligent construction management in mobilie augmented reality. In Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC 2011 (pp. 1073-1078). US: Curran Associates.
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2011 Merick, K., Gu, N., Niazi, M., & Shafi, K. (2011). Motivation, cyberworlds and collective intelligence in design. In C. M. Herr, N. Gu, S. Roudavsky, & M. A. Schnabel (Eds.), Circuit bending, breaking and mending: proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (pp. 697-706). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
2011 Herr, C. M., Gu, N., Roudavski, S., & Schnabel, M. A. (2011). Circuit bending, breaking and mending: editorial introduction. In Circuit Bending, Breaking and Mending - Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA 2011 (pp. 1-3). Australia: CAADRIA.
2011 Herr, C. M., Gu, N., Roudavski, S., & Schnabel, M. A. (2011). Circuit Bending, Breaking and Mending - Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA 2011: Foreword. In Circuit Bending, Breaking and Mending - Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA 2011 (pp. i). Australia: CAADRIA.
2010 Olatunji, O. A., Sher, W. D., & Gu, N. (2010). Collaboration in building information modelling: an application of gaming theory. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering & Construction (pp. 164-176). Pennsylvania: AEC.
2010 Williams, A., Sher, W., Simmons, C., & Gu, N. (2010). Enhancing practical pedagogy for construction students with e-learning technologies. In On the Edge: Conference Papers of the 44th Annual Conference of ANZAScA (pp. 1-8). New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association.
2010 Williams, A., Levett Jones, T., Sher, W., Simmons, C., Gu, N., & Bowen, L. (2010). Can eportfolios assist university students' work integrated learning?: exploring professional competencies in nursing and construction management. In ePortfolios Australia Conference 2010: Book of Abstracts and Papers (pp. 168-179). Australia: eLearning Services.
2010 Simmons, C., Williams, A., Levett Jones, T., Sher, W., Bowen, L., & Gu, N. (2010). Can eportfolios assist students' learning in the work place? Exploring students' demonstration of their professional work experience through ePortfolios in the construction management and nursing disciplines. In Learning Forum Proceedings (pp. 13-21). London, UK: EIfEL.
2010 Singh, V., Gu, N., & Wang, X. (2010). Technical featrures of BIM-servers for collaboration on building and construction projects. In J. G. Teng (Ed.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Sustainable Urbanization (pp. 1-8). China: Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
2010 Gu, N., Jones, W. M., & Williams, A. (2010). Utilising digital design and rapid prototyping tools in design education. In B. Dave, A. I. Li, N. Gu, & H. J. Park (Eds.), New frontiers: proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design in Asia (CAADRIA 2010) (pp. 249-258). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
DOI
2010 Phare, D., & Gu, N. (2010). Evaluating networked technologies for facilitating collective intelligence in design. In On the Edge: Conference Papers of the 44th Annual Conference of ANZAScA (pp. 1-8). New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association.
2010 Jones, W. M., Gu, N., & Williams, A. (2010). Evaluating the integration of digital design and prototyping tools in a problem-based learning tertiary level course. In On the Edge: Conference Papers of the 44th Annual Conference of ANZAScA (pp. 1-8). New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association.
2010 Gu, N., Williams, A., & Sher, W. (2010). Supporting design education in 3D virtual worlds: a case study. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of Australasian Universities Building Education Association (pp. 1-13). Australia: University of Melbourne.
2010 Gu, N., Gül, L. F., & Williams, A. (2010). Methods for evaluating 3D virtual worlds in design education. In D. Marjanovic, M. Storgs, N. Pavkovic, & N. Bojcetic (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International Design Conference: DESIGN 2010 (pp. 1259-1266). Croatia: Design Society.
2010 Williams, A., Gu, N., Simmons, C., & Sher, W. (2010). Understanding e-learning technologies for supporting work integrated learning in construction education. In Proceedings of the DesignEd Asia 2010 Conference. Asian Culture: Preserve the Past Create the Future (pp. 1-17). China: Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
2010 Olatunji, O. A., Sher, W. D., Gu, N., & Ogunsemi, D. R. (2010). Building information modelling processes: benefits for construction industry. In Proceedings of the CIB World Congress 2010 (pp. 1-15). UK: University of Salford.
2010 Gu, N., Singh, V., & Wang, X. (2010). Applying augmented reality for data interaction and collaboration in BIM. In B. Dave, A. Li, N. Gu, & H. Park (Eds.), New Frontiers: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design in Asia (pp. 511-520). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
DOI
2010 Gu, N., Singh, V., & Merrick, K. (2010). A framework to integrate generative design techniques for enhancing design automation. In B. Dave, A. Li, N. Gu, & H. Park (Eds.), New frontiers: proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design in Asia (CAADRIA 2010) (pp. 127-136). Hong Kong: CAADRIA.
DOI
2009 Gu, N., Nakapan, W., Williams, A., & Gul, L. (2009). Evaluating the use of 3D vitural worlds in collaborative design learning. In Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions - CAADFutures 2009, Proceedings of the 13th International CAAD Futures Conference (pp. 51-64). Montreal: Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal.
2009 Nakapan, W., Gu, N., Gul, L. F., & Williams, A. (2009). Nu genesis: a journal of unique designs in a virtual collaborative design studio. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architecture Design Research in Asia (pp. 257-265). China: National Yunlin University of Science and Technology.
DOI
2009 Singh, V., & Gu, N. (2009). BIM server: features and technical requirements. In X. Wang, & N. Gu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (pp. 345-354). Australia: University Publishing Service.
2009 Maher, M. L., Gu, N., & Kim, J. (2009). Virtual worlds and tangible interfaces: collaborative technologies that change the way designers think. In X. Wang, & N. Gu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (pp. 9-18). Australia: University Publishing Service.
2009 Gu, N., Gul, L. F., Williams, A., & Nakapan, W. (2009). Conquering new worlds: application and evaluation of collaborative virtual environments in design education. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architecture Design Research in Asia (pp. 153-162). China: National Yunlin University of Science and Technology.
DOI
2008 Gu, N., & Tsai, J. J. H. (2008). An interactive graphical system for collaborative architectural design in 3D virtual environments. In W. Nakapan (Ed.), CAADRIA 2008: Beyond Computer-Aided Design: Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (pp. 601-608). Thailand: Pimniyom Press.
2008 Gu, N., & Tsai, J. J. H. (2008). Interactive graphical representation applied to collaborative virtual world for architectural style study. In N. Gu (Ed.), ANZAScA 2008 Conference Proceedings (pp. 17-24). Newcastle: Architectural Science Association.
2008 Gül, L. F., Gu, N., & Williams, A. (2008). A method to investigate design cognition in virtual envrionments. In N. Gu (Ed.), ANZAScA 2008 Conference Proceedings (pp. 261-268). Newcastle: Architectural Science Association.
2008 Gu, N., Singh, V., Tsai, J., Taylor, C., London, K., & Brankovic, L. (2008). Industry perception of BIM adoption in design sector. In N. Dawood (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality: CONVR 2008 (pp. 84-103). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: International Islamic University of Malaysia.
2008 London, K., Singh, V., Taylor, C., Gu, N., & Brankovic, L. (2008). Building information modelling project decision support framework. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 665-674). UK: ARCOM, Association of Researchers in Construction Management.
2008 Gu, N., Singh, V., London, K., Brankovic, L., & Taylor, C. (2008). BIM: Expectations and a reality check. In Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering & 2008 International Conference on Information Technology in Construction (pp. 1-6). Chile: Icon.
2008 Gu, N., Singh, V., London, K., Brankovic, L., & Taylor, C. (2008). Building information modelling: what is in there for the architects?. In ANZAScA 2008 Conference Proceedings (pp. 33-40). Australia: Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association.
2008 Gu, N., Singh, V., London, K., Brankovic, L., & Taylor, C. (2008). Adopting building information modeling (BIM) as collaboration platform in the design industry. In W. Nakapan (Ed.), CAADRIA 2008: Beyond Computer-Aided Design: Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (pp. 53-60). Thailand: Pimniyom Press.

  • Parametric VR: An Interactive Virtual Reality System for Parametric Design, ARC - Discovery Projects, 01/11/2022 - 31/10/2026

  • Australian Housing & Urban Research Institute Scholarship, Australian Housing & Urban Research Institute, 22/06/2023 - 31/05/2026

  • Development of an end-user co-design toolkit for sustainable residential retrofits using environmental sensors and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies Project, Various, 01/07/2024 - 28/02/2026

  • Development of a new consumer-driven building inspection tool using AI and AR technologies, Qubisoft Pty Ltd, 05/09/2024 - 30/03/2025

  • End-user Social Interactions within the UCity Building for Post-occupancy Evaluation, Uniting Communities, 01/11/2019 - 31/08/2020

  • Developing pedagogical solutions to linguistic and cultural barriers in design education supporting Asian architecture students, OLT-Grants - Innovation & Development, 01/08/2016 - 31/07/2018

  • Sharing the language of design: an Australian Korean partnership (AKF00624), Australia-Korea Foundation, 23/01/2017 - 31/12/2017

Courses I teach

  • CREA 4004 Research Methods (Creative) (2024)

Date Role Research Topic Program Degree Type Student Load Student Name
2025 Principal Supervisor - - Doctorate Full Time Ms Ebony Proud
2025 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Yue Dong
2025 Principal Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Jiang Wu
2025 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Ran Zhou
2023 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Soroush Masoumzadeh
2023 Principal Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Hamidreza Sakhaei
2022 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Shaila Maheshwari
2022 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Ishara Ishara Madhumali Rathnayake Rathnayake Mudiyanselage
2022 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Katie Anne Miller
2022 Principal Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Adii Shtykov
2021 Co-Supervisor - Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Venus Mirael St. Germain

Date Role Board name Institution name Country
2020 - ongoing Member UniSA Creative Academic Board University of South Australia Australia
2010 - 2014 Member Board of Directors International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering Canada

Date Role Committee Institution Country
2025 - ongoing Member Academic Promotion (Levels B & C) Panel University of South Australia Australia
2020 - 2024 Member UniSA Creative Research Strategy Group University of South Australia Australia
2018 - 2022 Member Non-Traditional Research Output (NTRO) Working Group University of South Australia Australia
2017 - 2023 Member Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) Internal Reference Group University of South Australia Australia
2016 - 2019 Member School of Art, Architecture and Design Research and Research Education Committee University of South Australia Australia
2016 - 2019 Member Division of Education, Arts and Social Sciences Academic Probation Committee University of South Australia Australia
2015 - 2016 Member Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Research Committee University of Newcastle Australia Australia
2012 - 2015 Member Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Promotions Committee University of Newcastle Australia Australia
2007 - 2016 Member Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Methodological Peer Review Committee University of Newcastle Australia Australia

Date Institution Department Organisation Type Country
2018 - 2018 Irish Research Council Irish Research Council Scientific research Ireland
2018 - 2018 National Science Centre National Science Centre Scientific research Poland

Date Role Editorial Board Name Institution Country
2022 - ongoing Member International Journal Editorial Board Buildings Switzerland
2019 - ongoing Associate Editor International Journal Editorial Board Architectural Science Review United Kingdom

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