Stephen Bell

Research Interests

Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Bioinorganic Chemistry Bioprocessing, Bioproduction and Bioproducts Bioremediation Biotechnology Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions Chemical Sciences Enzymes Industrial Microbiology Industrial Molecular Engineering of Nucleic Acids and Proteins Inorganic Chemistry Medical Biochemistry: Proteins and Peptides Organic Chemical Synthesis Organic Chemistry Proteins and Peptides Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy Synthetic Biology

APrf Stephen Bell

Associate Professor

School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences

College of Science

Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD - email supervisor to discuss availability.

Enzyme CatalysisStudents are working on wide range of projects related to the application of enzyme for chemical synthesis using interdisciplinary methods from Biochemistry, Synthetic Biology and Chemistry suitable for students with a background in Chemistry and Biological Science with an interest in enzyme biocatalysis, chemical synthesis, the structure of metalloproteins, microbiology of secondary metabolite synthesis and how proteins/enzymes have evolved to function.The screening, engineering and directed evolution of enzymes holds great promise for biotechnological applications. In the lab we study enzymes for biocatalysis and organic synthesis applications. The ultimate goal is to develop these systems as biocatalysts for clean, sustainable, low energy oxidation processes with applications in natural product synthesis (for example generation of valuable flavour and fragrance compounds) and then bioremediation of recalcitrant compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons.We engineer cytochrome P450 enzymes to alter their function and identify new enzymes from metabolically diverse bacteria and archaea which are capable of binding and oxidising a wide range of organic compounds. We currently focus on steroid and terpenoid oxidising enzymes from a range of microorganisms. Many of these microbes have evolved to survive in extreme conditions (e.g. temperature and pH) and we are exploring these robust enzymes as biocatalysts using new methods developed by graduate students here at Adelaide.We also identify new electron transfer partners (e.g. iron-sulphur ferredoxin proteins and flavoproteins) in order to improve the efficiency of the enzymes which is essential for scale-up of their activity. We develop whole cell oxidation systems, which enable the easy screening, scale-up and production of oxygenated organic products.We are involved in collaborative work with other researchers to1) to study the mechanism of action of these enzymes which is important in understanding drug metabolism and design2) Determine the structure of the enzymes by X-ray crystallography and other techniques such as NMR and Mass Spectroscopy3) Immobilise the enzymes on different solid state supports to enhance their stability and lifetime.

The isolation and study of cytochrome P450 enzymes for biocatalysis and medicinal chemistry

The cytochrome P450 superfamily of haem iron monooxygenases is found in virtually all living organisms. They are important biocatalysts that can selectively oxidise  numerous endogenous and exogenous organic compounds and perform vital functions such as the biosynthesis of steroids and antibiotics and oxidative detoxification of xenobiotics. These monooxygenase enzymes catalyse the insertion of one atom of atmospheric oxygen into a carbon hydrogen bond.

R–H + 2H+ + 2e– + O2  →  R–OH + H2O

The screening, engineering and directed evolution of cytochrome P450 enzymes for oxidation reactions holds great promise for biotechnological applications as these reactions are challenging to perform using traditional chemical synthesis. In the lab we study these cytochrome P450 enzymes for biocatalysis and organic synthesis applications. The ultimate goal is to develop these systems as robust biocatalysts for clean, sustainable, low energy oxidation processes in natural product synthesis (e.g. flavour and fragrance compounds) and bioremediation of recalcitrant compounds (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons, resin acids and lignin mononmers).

We identify new enzymes from a wide range of bacteria and archaea and assess their function and potential applications. Projects include

1) designing and testing inhibitors for P450 enzymes from pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2) assessing the role of P450 enzymes from bacteria in secondary metabolism (steroids, terpenoid and natural product oxidation) to generate high-value chemicals or to break down toxic compounds (bioremediation of aromatics and toxins)

3) the development of efficient and thermostable oxygenase bicatalysts from extremophile organisms

We alter the sequence of these cytochrome P450 enzymes to change their function. We identify new enzymes from metabolically diverse bacteria which are capable of binding and oxidising a wide range of organic compounds. For example we have recently isolated P450 enzymes that are capable of selectively hydroxylating terpenoids and steroids. We have recently identified P450 enzymes which can tolerate conditions not usually suited for enzyme chemistry (high temperature, organic solvent and pH extremes). Using a method developed in Adelaide we modify these enzymes so they can efficiently use hydrogen peroxide to catalyse their reactions. Together this simplifies their application.

We have an interest in their electron transfer partners (e.g. iron-sulphur ferredoxin proteins and flavoproteins) in order to improve the efficiency of the purified enzymes and which is essential to design efficient whole-cell oxidation systems using synthetic biology. We have developed whole cell oxidation systems, which enable the easy screening, scale-up and production of oxygenated organic products. We aim to further optimise and scale-up these systems (in vitro and in vivo) using fermentor technology and bioprocess engineering to generate products on a large scale.

This work has led to the formation of a spin out company Oxford Biotrans which was set up to use biocatalysis to generate high -value compounds. This was successfully achieved on a tonne scale which to generate products used in the flavour and fragrance industry. 

Students undertake a wide range of activities at the interface of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Synthetic Biology including protein synthesis and enzyme assays (biochemistry), and protein engineering (molecular biology). Scale-up of the enzyme activity and inhibitor synthesis requires organic chemistry techniques (synthesis) and analytical chemistry (HPLC, GC-MS etc.). This provides an excellent platform for students seeking jobs outside of academia. We also explore the structure of these enzymes using X-ray crystallography (variable temperature studies). Members of the group have also undertakem other spectroscopic techniques including, electrochemistry and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) studies of these cytochrome P450 enzymes at Adelaide and in collaboration with others. 

The Australian Research Council has funded our research into P450 mechanism and the design of enzyme inhibitors through  Discovery Project Grants. My research into isolating and understanding novel P450 electron transfer partners has been funded through an ARC Future Fellowship. Currently our research into designing new thermostable enzymes for a series of reactions is funded by an ARC Discovery project.

My group currently consists of 7-8 PhD Students and I have extensive experience in supervising Honours students.

Potential research students are directed to the Adelaide Graduate Centre for information on admissions, applications and scholarship

https://www.adelaide.edu.au/graduate-research/

Questions regarding typical research projects can be directed to Dr Bell.

Date Position Institution name
2017 - 2019 Associate Professor and ARC Future Fellow University of Adelaide
2017 - ongoing Associate Professor University of Adelaide
2015 - 2016 Senior Lecturer and ARC Future Fellow University of Adelaide
2012 - 2014 Lecturer University of Adelaide

Date Type Title Institution Name Country Amount
2016 Teaching Award OLT Citation for Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning University of Adelaide/Australian Government Department of Education and Training Australia -
2015 Fellowship ARC Future Fellowship University of Adelaide Australia -
2013 Achievement Founding Shareholder of Oxford Biotrans - United Kingdom -

Date Institution name Country Title
Oxford university United Kingdom DPhil
University of Oxford United Kingdom BA and MA Chemistry (Oxon)

Year Citation
2026 Williams, L. J., Wilson, M. T., Birrell, J. A., Lang, H. W., Bell, S. G., & Worrall, J. A. R. (2026). The cytochrome P450 decarboxylase from Staphylococcus aureus can produce a diene from a C18 monounsaturated fatty acid: A spectroscopic, structural and kinetic characterisation. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 275, 113117.
DOI Scopus2 WoS2 Europe PMC1
2026 Osiebe, O., Hayball, E. F., Yevstigneyev, N., Abbott, A. M., & Bell, S. G. (2026). Scalable and Stereoselective C-H Bond Hydroxylation of Steroids Using a Designer Heme-Thiolate Peroxygenase Biocatalyst. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 91(2), 1165-1176.
DOI WoS4 Europe PMC1
2026 Das, T., Doyle, M. L., Hutchinson, S., & Bell, S. G. (2026). Efficient isoprenoid oxidation by an engineered heme peroxygenase from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Molecular Catalysis, 593, 115786.
DOI
2026 Podgorski, M., McDougal, D. P., Campbell, E. C., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2026). Structural Basis for Substrate-Dependent Allostery in Oxygen Activation by a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Revealed by Analysis at Different Temperatures. Chemical Science, 17(15), 7742-7755.
DOI
2026 Buczynski, J. B., Churchman, L. R., Bell, S. G., Williams, C. M., & De Voss, J. J. (2026). Substituted Norcaranes as Mechanistic Radical Clock Probes: Characterization of Radical Rearrangement. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 91(10), 3659-3668.
DOI
2026 Hamza, M. A., Asiri, M., Das, T., Shen, Y., Kaylan, R., Small, T. D., . . . Shearer, C. J. (2026). Post-Addition of Metal Species over CdIn₂S₄ Micro-Pyramids/Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Benzylamine Valorization. Solar RRL, 10(7), e202500933-1-e202500933-17.
DOI
2026 Kato, H., Hashimoto, T., Das, T., Doherty, D. Z., Bell, S. G., & Furuya, T. (2026). Characterization of the Orphan Cytochrome P450 CYP107J1 From Bacillus subtilis Through Peroxygenase Activity Engineering.. Microb Biotechnol, 19(5), e70369.
DOI
2026 Meyer, L. -E., Yilmaz, N., Schmieschek, L., Allmrodt, D., Yevstigneyev, N., Bell, S. G., & Kara, S. (2026). Stereoselective oxyfunctionalization of steroids by designed peroxygenase mutants: Bridging batch screening and continuous operation. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 1-13.
DOI
2026 Buczynski, J. B., Giang, P. D., Churchman, L. R., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2026). Regio- and enantioselective oxidation by CYP108N12: substrate scope and specificity. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 24(7), 5706-5718.
DOI
2025 Kirk, A. M., Stok, J. E., Wong, S. H., Coleman, T., Challinor, V. L., Herring, J. N., . . . De Voss, J. J. (2025). An Asynchronous, Concerted Mechanism for Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation: A Combined Deuterium Labeling and QM/MM Study. ACS Catalysis, 15(2), 1274-1286.
DOI Scopus8 WoS10
2025 Podgorski, M. N., Martínez-Castro, L., Bruning, J. B., Campbell, E. C., Maréchal, J. -D., & Bell, S. G. (2025). Investigating the Correlation between Product Release and Solvation in Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. ACS Catalysis, 15(4), 2867-2884.
DOI Scopus5 WoS3
2025 Harlington, A. C., Das, T., Shearwin, K. E., Bell, S. G., & Whelan, F. (2025). Structural insights into S-lignin O-demethylation via a rare class of heme peroxygenase enzymes. Nature Communications, 16(1), 1815-1-1815-12.
DOI Scopus19 WoS21 Europe PMC11
2025 Kundral, S., Beamish, H., Giang, P. D., Salisbury, L. J., Nouwens, A. S., Khare, S. K., . . . De Voss, J. J. (2025). Characterisation of the Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 CYP116B234 From Rhodococcus globerulus and Its Suggested Native Role in 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Metabolism. Microbial Biotechnology, 18(3), e70125-1-e70125-15.
DOI Scopus3 WoS3 Europe PMC2
2025 Podgorski, M. N., & Bell, S. G. (2025). Comparing and Combining Alternative Strategies for Enhancing Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase Activity. ACS Catalysis, 15(6), 5191-5210.
DOI Scopus12 WoS14
2025 Doherty, D. Z., De Voss, J. J., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2025). Evolutionary insights into the selectivity of sterol oxidising cytochrome P450 enzymes based on ancestral sequence reconstruction. Chemical Science, 16(24), 11110-11122.
DOI Scopus3 WoS3 Europe PMC1
2025 Kundral, S., Giang, P. D., Grundon, L. R., Supper, J. M., Khare, S. K., Bernhardt, P. V., . . . De Voss, J. J. (2025). Characterisation of the thermophilic P450 CYP116B305 identified using metagenomics-derived sequence data from an Australian hot spring. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 109(1), 133-1-133-20.
DOI Scopus2 WoS3 Europe PMC2
2025 Podgorski, M. N., Lee, J. H. Z., Scaffidi-Muta, J. M., Akter, J., & Bell, S. G. (2025). Characterisation of a Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Enzyme From the Bacterium Thermosporothrix hazakensis and Its Conversion Into a Peroxygenase. Microbial Biotechnology, 18(10), e70234-1-e70234-17.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2024 Lee, J. H. Z., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2024). An In Crystallo Reaction with an Engineered Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase**. Chemistry: A European Journal, 30(8), e202303335-1-e202303335-8.
DOI Scopus3 WoS3
2024 Giang, P. D., Churchman, L. R., Buczynski, J. B., Bell, S. G., Stok, J. E., & De Voss, J. J. (2024). CYP108N14: A Monoterpene Monooxygenase from Rhodococcus globerulus. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 752, 109852-1-109852-8.
DOI Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC10
2024 Churchman, L. R., Beckett, J. R., Tan, L., Woods, K., Doherty, D. Z., Ghith, A., . . . De Voss, J. J. (2024). Synthesis of steroidal inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 239, 106479-1-106479-16.
DOI
2024 Mohamed, H., Child, S. A., Doherty, D. Z., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2024). Structural determination and characterisation of the CYP105Q4 cytochrome P450 enzyme from Mycobacterium marinum. Arch Biochem Biophys, 754, 109950-1-109950-11.
DOI Scopus5 WoS5 Europe PMC2
2024 Pedroni, L., Doherty, D. Z., Dall'Asta, C., Galaverna, G., Bell, S. G., & Dellafiora, L. (2024). Computational methods meet in vitro techniques: A case study on fusaric acid and its possible detoxification through cytochrome P450 enzymes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 273, 116167.
DOI Scopus6 Europe PMC3
2024 Podgorski, M. N., Akter, J., Churchman, L. R., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2024). Engineering Peroxygenase Activity into Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases through Modification of the Oxygen Binding Region. ACS Catalysis, 14(10), 7426-7443.
DOI Scopus28 WoS30
2024 Lee, J. H. Z., Coleman, T., Mclean, M. A., Podgorski, M. N., Hayball, E. F., Stone, I. S. J., . . . Bell, S. G. (2024). Selective α-Hydroxyketone Formation and Subsequent C–C Bond Cleavage by Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Enzymes. ACS Catalysis, 14(11), 8958-8971.
DOI Scopus11 WoS12 Europe PMC5
2024 Das, T., Hayball, E. F., Harlington, A. C., & Bell, S. G. (2024). A Thermostable Heme Protein Fold Adapted for Stereoselective C-H Bond Hydroxylation Using Peroxygenase Activity. ChemBioChem, 26(2), e202400737-1-e202400737-9.
DOI Scopus5 WoS8 Europe PMC7
2024 Akter, J., Lee, J. H. Z., Whelan, F., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2024). Characterisation of the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase CYP116B46 from Tepidiphilus thermophilus as a Homogentisic Acid Generating Enzyme and its Conversion to a Peroxygenase.. Chembiochem, 26(5), e202400880-1-e202400880-12.
DOI Scopus4 WoS4 Europe PMC3
2023 Ghith, A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The catalytic activity and structure of the lipid metabolizing CYP124 cytochrome P450 enzyme from Mycobacterium marinum.. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 737, 109554.
DOI Scopus6 WoS4 Europe PMC3
2023 Mohamed, H., Ghith, A., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The binding of nitrogen-donor ligands to the ferric and ferrous forms of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 242, 112168.
DOI Scopus10 WoS10 Europe PMC6
2023 Giang, P. D., Churchman, L. R., Stok, J. E., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2023). Cymredoxin, a [2Fe–2S] ferredoxin, supports catalytic activity of the p-cymene oxidising P450 enzyme CYP108N12. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 737, 109549-1-109549-9.
DOI Scopus7 WoS7 Europe PMC6
2023 Miller, J. C., Lee, J. H. Z., Mclean, M. A., Chao, R. R., Stone, I. S. J., Pukala, T. L., . . . Bell, S. G. (2023). Engineering C–C Bond Cleavage Activity into a P450 Monooxygenase Enzyme. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145(16), 9207-9222.
DOI Scopus25 WoS25 Europe PMC15
2023 Akter, J., Stockdale, T. P., Child, S. A., Lee, J. H. Z., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2023). Selective carbon-hydrogen bond hydroxylation using an engineered cytochrome P450 peroxygenase. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 244, 1-9.
DOI Scopus18 WoS18 Europe PMC10
2023 Coleman, T., Podgorski, M. N., Doyle, M. L., Scaffidi-Muta, J. M., Campbell, E. C., Bruning, J. B., . . . Bell, S. G. (2023). Cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of halogen-containing substrates.. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 244, 12 pages.
DOI Scopus14 WoS14 Europe PMC9
2023 Ghith, A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The oxidation of cholesterol derivatives by the CYP124 and CYP142 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum.. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 231, 106317-1-106317-12.
DOI Scopus5 WoS6 Europe PMC3
2023 Podgorski, M. N., Keto, A. B., Coleman, T., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., Krenske, E. H., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The Oxidation of Oxygen and Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Chemistry: A European Journal, 29(50), e202301371-1-e202301371-15.
DOI Scopus10 WoS11 Europe PMC4
2023 Doherty, D. Z., Ghith, A., Ho, A., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The bacterial cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP125 enzymes can competitively oxidise sitosterol in the presence of cholesterol. Chemical Communications, 59(61), 9392-9395.
DOI Scopus7 WoS8 Europe PMC3
2023 Ghith, A., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The oxidation of steroid derivatives by the CYP125A6 and CYP125A7 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 235, 106406-1-106406-14.
DOI Scopus5 WoS4 Europe PMC4
2023 Podgorski, M. N., Lee, J. H. Z., Harbort, J. S., Nguyen, G. T. H., Doherty, D. Z., Donald, W. A., . . . Bell, S. G. (2023). Characterisation of the heme aqua-ligand coordination environment in an engineered peroxygenase cytochrome P450 variant. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 249, 1-13.
DOI Scopus5 WoS6 Europe PMC1
2023 Gee, A. R., Stone, I., Stockdale, T. P., Pukala, T. L., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2023). Efficient biocatalytic C-H bond oxidation: an engineered heme-thiolate peroxygenase from a thermostable cytochrome P450. Chemical Communications, 59(90), 13486-13489.
DOI Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC4
2023 Akter, J., Hayball, E. F., & Bell, S. G. (2023). Efficient regio- and stereo-selective C-H bond hydroxylation of steroids using an engineered heme-thiolate peroxygenase biocatalyst. Catalysis Science and Technology, 13(22), 6355-6359.
DOI Scopus11 WoS14
2023 Churchman, L. R., Giang, P. D., Buczynski, J. B., Stok, J. E., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2023). Synthesis of substituted norcaranes for use as probes of enzyme mechanisms. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 21(48), 9647-9658.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2022 Coleman, T., Kirk, A. M., Lee, J. H. Z., Doherty, D. Z., Bruning, J. B., Krenske, E. H., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). Different geometric requirements for cytochrome P450-catalyzed aliphatic versus aromatic hydroxylation results in chemoselective oxidation. ACS Catalysis, 12(2), 1258-1267.
DOI Scopus29 WoS31
2022 Podgorski, M. N., Harbort, J. S., Lee, J. H. Z., Nguyen, G. T. H., Bruning, J. B., Donald, W. A., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). An altered heme environment in an engineered cytochrome P450 enzyme enables the switch from monooxygenase to peroxygenase activity. ACS Catalysis, 12(3), 1614-1625.
DOI Scopus57 WoS58
2022 Mohamed, H., Child, S. A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2022). A comparison of the bacterial CYP51 cytochrome P450 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 221, 106097-1-106097-14.
DOI Scopus8 WoS8 Europe PMC3
2022 Lee, J., Podgorski, M., Moir, M., Gee, A. R., & Bell, S. G. (2022). Selective oxidations using a cytochrome P450 enzyme variant driven with surrogate oxygen donors and light. Chemistry: A European Journal, 28(49), 1-9.
DOI Scopus19 WoS22 Europe PMC8
2022 Ghith, A., Doherty, D. Z., Bruning, J. B., Russell, R. A., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2022). The Structures of the Steroid Binding CYP142 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. ACS Infectious Diseases, 8(8), 1606-1617.
DOI Scopus8 WoS8 Europe PMC4
2022 Coleman, T., Lee, J., Kirk, A. M., Doherty, D. Z., Podgorski, M. N., Pinidiya, D. K., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). Enabling Aromatic Hydroxylation in a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Enzyme through Protein Engineering. Chemistry: A European Journal, 28(67), 1-13.
DOI Scopus23 WoS21 Europe PMC14
2022 Podgorski, M. N., Coleman, T., Churchman, L. R., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2022). Investigating the active oxidants involved in cytochrome P450 catalyzed sulfoxidation reactions. Chemistry: A European Journal, 28(72), 1-14.
DOI Scopus19 WoS19 Europe PMC10
2022 Coleman, T., Doherty, D. Z., Zhang, T., Podgorski, M. N., Qiao, R., Lee, J. H. Z., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). Exploring the Factors which Result in Cytochrome P450 Catalyzed Desaturation Versus Hydroxylation. Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 17(24), 1-15.
DOI Scopus15 WoS15 Europe PMC6
2022 Harlington, A. C., Shearwin, K. E., Bell, S. G., & Whelan, F. (2022). Efficient O-demethylation of lignin monoaromatics using the peroxygenase activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chemical Communications, 58(96), 13321-13324.
DOI Scopus37 WoS37 Europe PMC21
2021 Coleman, T., Kirk, A. M., Chao, R. R., Podgorski, M. N., Harbort, J. S., Churchman, L. R., . . . Bell, S. G. (2021). Understanding the Mechanistic Requirements for Efficient and Stereoselective Alkene Epoxidation by a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme. ACS Catalysis, 11(4), 1995-2010.
DOI Scopus53 WoS52
2021 Maddigan, N. K., Linder-Patton, O. M., Falcaro, P., Sumby, C. J., Bell, S. G., & Doonan, C. J. (2021). Influence of the synthesis and storage conditions on the activity of Candida antarctica lipase B ZIF-8 biocomposites. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13(44), 51867-51875.
DOI Scopus48 WoS49 Europe PMC25
2021 Chao, R., Lau, I., Coleman, T., Churchman, L. R., Child, S. A., Lee, J. H. Z., . . . Bell, S. G. (2021). The stereoselective oxidation of para-substituted benzenes by a cytochrome P450 biocatalyst. Chemistry: A European Journal, 27(59), 14765-14777.
DOI Scopus9 WoS9 Europe PMC6
2021 Podgorski, M. N., Coleman, T., Giang, P. D., Wang, C. R., Bruning, J. B., Bernhardt, P. V., . . . Bell, S. G. (2021). To be, or not to be, an Inhibitor: a comparison of azole interactions with and oxidation by a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Inorganic Chemistry, 61(1), 236-245.
DOI Scopus18 WoS18 Europe PMC13
2020 Podgorski, M. N., Coleman, T., Chao, R. R., De Voss, J. J., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2020). Investigation of the requirements for efficient and selective cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalysis across different reactions. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 203, 110913-1-110913-13.
DOI Scopus32 WoS33 Europe PMC21
2020 Podgorski, M. N., Harbort, J. S., Coleman, T., Stok, J. E., Yorke, J. A., Wong, L. -L., . . . Bell, S. G. (2020). Biophysical techniques for distinguishing ligand binding modes in cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Biochemistry, 59(9), 1038-1050.
DOI Scopus27 WoS26 Europe PMC19
2020 Coleman, T., Stok, J. E., Podgorski, M. N., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2020). Structural insights into the role of the acid-alcohol pair of residues required for dioxygen activation in cytochrome P450 enzymes. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 25(4), 583-596.
DOI Scopus39 WoS43 Europe PMC24
2020 Pederick, J. L., Thompson, A. P., Bell, S. G., & Bruning, J. B. (2020). D-alanine-D-alanine ligase as a model for the activation of ATP-grasp enzymes by monovalent cations.. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295(23), 7894-7904.
DOI Scopus37 WoS32 Europe PMC34
2020 Child, S. A., Ghith, A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2020). A comparison of steroid and lipid binding cytochrome P450s from Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 209, 1-12.
DOI Scopus16 WoS16 Europe PMC11
2020 Sarkar, M. R., & Bell, S. G. (2020). Complementary and selective oxidation of hydrocarbon derivatives by two cytochrome P450 enzymes of the same family. CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 10(17), 5983-5995.
DOI Scopus7 WoS7
2019 Child, S. A., Rossi, V. P., & Bell, S. G. (2019). Selective ϖ-1 oxidation of fatty acids by CYP147G1 from Mycobacterium marinum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1863(2), 408-417.
DOI Scopus11 WoS9 Europe PMC7
2019 Day, A. J., Lee, J. H. Z., Phan, Q. D., Lam, H. C., Ametovski, A., Sumby, C. J., . . . George, J. H. (2019). Biomimetic and biocatalytic synthesis of bruceol. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 58(5), 1427-1431.
DOI Scopus26 WoS21 Europe PMC16
2019 Lee, J. H. Z., Wong, S. H., Stok, J. E., Bagster, S. A., Beckett, J., Clegg, J. K., . . . Bell, S. G. (2019). Selective hydroxylation of 1,8- and 1,4-cineole using bacterial P450 variants. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 663, 54-63.
DOI Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC7
2019 Liang, W., Xu, H., Carraro, F., Maddigan, N. K., Li, Q., Bell, S. G., . . . Doonan, C. J. (2019). Enhanced activity of enzymes encapsulated in hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(6), 2348-2355.
DOI Scopus524 WoS503 Europe PMC288
2019 Nguyen, G. T. H., Tran, T. N., Podgorski, M. N., Bell, S. G., Supuran, C. T., & Donald, W. A. (2019). Nanoscale ion emitters in native mass spectrometry for measuring ligand–protein binding affinities. ACS Central Science, 5(2), 308-318.
DOI Scopus114 WoS111 Europe PMC100
2019 Child, S. A., Flint, K. L., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2019). The characterisation of two members of the cytochrome P450 CYP150 family: CYP150A5 and CYP150A6 from Mycobacterium marinum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1863(5), 925-934.
DOI Scopus5 WoS4 Europe PMC2
2019 Dezvarei, S., Shoji, O., Watanabe, Y., & Bell, S. G. (2019). The effect of decoy molecules on the activity of the P450Bm3 holoenzyme and a heme domain peroxygenase variant. Catalysis Communications, 124, 97-102.
DOI Scopus11 WoS9
2019 Sarkar, M. R., Dasgupta, S., Pyke, S. M., & Bell, S. G. (2019). Selective biocatalytic hydroxylation of unactivated methylene C-H bonds in cyclic alkyl substrates. Chemical Communications, 55(34), 5029-5032.
DOI Scopus13 WoS12 Europe PMC7
2019 Lau, I. C. K., Feyereisen, R., Nelson, D. R., & Bell, S. G. (2019). Analysis and preliminary characterisation of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from Frankia sp. EuI1c (Frankia inefficax sp.). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 669, 11-21.
DOI Scopus11 WoS9 Europe PMC4
2019 Liang, W., Carraro, F., Solomon, M. B., Bell, S. G., Amenitsch, H., Sumby, C. J., . . . Doonan, C. J. (2019). Enzyme encapsulation in a porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(36), 14298-14305.
DOI Scopus333 WoS329 Europe PMC179
2019 Sarkar, M. R., Houston, S. D., Savage, G. P., Williams, C. M., Krenske, E. H., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2019). Rearrangement-free hydroxylation of methylcubanes by a cytochrome P450: the case for dynamical coupling of C-H abstraction and rebound. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(50), 19688-19699.
DOI Scopus38 WoS38 Europe PMC25
2018 Child, S., Naumann, E., Bruning, J., & Bell, S. (2018). Structural and functional characterisation of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP268A2 from Mycobacterium marinum. The Biochemical Journal, 475(4), 705-722.
DOI Scopus14 WoS14 Europe PMC10
2018 Dezvarei, S., Lee, J., & Bell, S. (2018). Stereoselective hydroxylation of isophorone by variants of the cytochromes P450 CYP102A1 and CYP101A1. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 111, 29-37.
DOI Scopus17 WoS17 Europe PMC9
2018 Liang, W., Ricco, R., Maddigan, N., Dickinson, R., Xu, H., Li, Q., . . . Doonan, C. (2018). Control of structure topology and spatial distribution of biomacromolecules in Protein@ZIF-8 biocomposites. Chemistry of Materials, 30(3), 1069-1077.
DOI Scopus192 WoS182
2018 Bowen, A., Johnson, E., Mercuri, F., Hoskins, N., Qiao, R., McCullagh, J., . . . Harmer, J. (2018). A structural model of a P450-ferredoxin complex from orientation-selective double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(7), 2514-2527.
DOI Scopus21 WoS23 Europe PMC19
2018 Dezvarei, S., Onoda, H., Shoji, O., Watanabe, Y., & Bell, S. G. (2018). Efficient hydroxylation of cycloalkanes by co-addition of decoy molecules to variants of the cytochrome P450 CYP102A1. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 183, 137-145.
DOI Scopus15 WoS15 Europe PMC11
2018 Maddigan, N., Tarzia, A., Huang, D., Sumby, C., Bell, S., Falcaro, P., & Doonan, C. (2018). Protein surface functionalisation as a general strategy for facilitating biomimetic mineralisation of ZIF-8. Chemical Science, 9(18), 4217-4223.
DOI Scopus197 WoS192 Europe PMC125
2018 Coleman, T., Wong, S., Podgorski, M., Bruning, J., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2018). Cytochrome P450 CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris catalyses heteroatom dealkylations, sulfoxidation and amide and cyclic hemiacetal formation. ACS Catalysis, 8(7), 5915-5927.
DOI Scopus37 WoS37
2018 Linder-Patton, O., De Prinse, T., Furukawa, S., Bell, S., Sumida, K., Doonan, C., & Sumby, C. (2018). Influence of nanoscale structuralisation on the catalytic performance of ZIF-8: a cautionary surface catalysis study. CrystEngComm, 20(34), 4926-4934.
DOI Scopus76 WoS74
2018 Child, S. A., Bradley, J. M., Pukala, T. L., Svistunenko, D. A., Le Brun, N. E., & Bell, S. G. (2018). Electron transfer ferredoxins with unusual cluster binding motifs support secondary metabolism in many bacteria. Chemical Science, 9(41), 7948-7957.
DOI Scopus38 WoS38 Europe PMC30
2017 Maddigan, N., & Bell, S. (2017). The self-sufficient CYP102 family enzyme, Krac9955, from Ktedonobacter racemifer DSM44963 acts as an alkyl- and alkyloxy-benzoic acid hydroxylase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 615, 15-21.
DOI Scopus21 WoS20 Europe PMC11
2017 Hall, E., Sarkar, M., & Bell, S. (2017). The selective oxidation of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and the observation of uncoupling via redox cycling during naphthalene oxidation by the CYP101B1 system. Catalysis Science and Technology, 7(7), 1537-1548.
DOI Scopus16 WoS16
2017 Munday, S., Dezvarei, S., Lau, I., & Bell, S. (2017). Examination of selectivity in the oxidation of ortho- and meta-disubstituted benzenes by CYP102A1 (P450 Bm3) variants. ChemCatChem, 9(13), 2512-2522.
DOI Scopus20 WoS16
2017 Sarkar, M., Lee, J., & Bell, S. (2017). The oxidation of hydrophobic aromatic substrates by using a variant of the P450 monooxygenase CYP101B1. ChemBioChem, 18(21), 2119-2128.
DOI Scopus17 WoS15 Europe PMC7
2016 Munday, S., Shoji, O., Watanabe, Y., Wong, L., & Bell, S. (2016). Improved oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons using rate enhancing variants of P450Bm3 in combination with decoy molecules. Chemical Communications, 52(5), 1036-1039.
DOI Scopus37 WoS35 Europe PMC20
2016 Liang, K., Coghlan, C., Bell, S., Doonan, C., & Falcaro, P. (2016). Enzyme encapsulation in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: a comparison between controlled co-precipitation and biomimetic mineralisation. Chemical Communications, 52(3), 473-476.
DOI Scopus272 WoS256 Europe PMC123
2016 Munday, S., Maddigan, N., Young, R., & Bell, S. (2016). Characterisation of two self-sufficient CYP102 family monooxygenases from Ktedonobacter racemifer DSM44963 which have new fatty acid alcohol product profiles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1860(6), 1149-1162.
DOI Scopus27 WoS27 Europe PMC17
2016 Coleman, T., Chao, R., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2016). The importance of the benzoic acid carboxylate moiety for substrate recognition by CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, 1864(6), 667-675.
DOI Scopus24 WoS25 Europe PMC13
2016 Stok, J. E., Hall, E. A., Stone, I. S. J., Noble, M. C., Wong, S. H., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2016). In vivo and in vitro hydroxylation of cineole and camphor by cytochromes P450CYP101A1, CYP101B1 and N242A CYP176A1. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 128, 52-64.
DOI Scopus12 WoS12
2016 Chao, R., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2016). The efficient and selective catalytic oxidation of para-substituted cinnamic acid derivatives by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP199A4. RSC Advances, 6(60), 55286-55297.
DOI Scopus24 WoS24
2016 Munday, S., Dezvarei, S., & Bell, S. (2016). Increasing the activity and efficiency of stereoselective oxidations by using decoy molecules in combination with rate-enhancing variants of P450Bm3. ChemCatChem, 8(17), 2789-2796.
DOI Scopus22 WoS19
2016 Hall, E., Sarkar, M., Lee, J., Munday, S., & Bell, S. (2016). Improving the monooxygenase activity and the regio- and stereoselectivity of terpenoid hydroxylation using ester directing groups. ACS Catalysis, 6(9), 6306-6317.
DOI Scopus40 WoS35
2016 Chao, R., Lau, I., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2016). Modification of an enzyme biocatalyst for the efficient and selective oxidative demethylation of para-substituted benzene derivatives. ChemCatChem, 8(23), 3626-3635.
DOI Scopus6 WoS6
2016 Sarkar, M. S., Hall, E. A., Dasgupta, S., & Bell, S. G. (2016). The use of directing groups enables the selective and efficient biocatalytic oxidation of unactivated adamantyl C-H bonds. Chemistry Select, 1(21), 6700-6707.
DOI Scopus12 WoS12
2015 Hall, E. A., & Bell, S. G. (2015). The efficient and selective biocatalytic oxidation of norisoprenoid and aromatic substrates by CYP101B1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. RSC Advances, 5(8), 5762-5773.
DOI Scopus25 WoS24
2015 Zhang, A., Zhang, T., Hall, E., Hutchinson, S., Cryle, M., Wong, L., . . . Bell, S. (2015). The crystal structure of the versatile cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis. Molecular BioSystems, 11(3), 869-881.
DOI Scopus26 WoS24 Europe PMC18
2015 Coleman, T., Chao, R., Bruning, J., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2015). CYP199A4 catalyses the efficient demethylation and demethenylation of para-substituted benzoic acid derivatives. RSC Advances, 5(64), 52007-52018.
DOI Scopus36 WoS36
2015 Liang, K., Ricco, R., Doherty, C., Styles, M., Bell, S., Kirby, N., . . . Falcaro, P. (2015). Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks as protective coatings for biomacromolecules. Nature Communications, 6(1), 1-8.
DOI Scopus1388 WoS1373 Europe PMC803
2015 Williamson, N., Huang, D., Bell, S., & Metha, G. (2015). Guided inquiry learning in an introductory chemistry course. International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 23(6), 34-51.
Scopus6
2014 Bell, S., Spence, J., Liu, S., George, J., & Wong, L. (2014). Selective aliphatic carbon-hydrogen bond activation of protected alcohol substrates by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 12(15), 2479-2488.
DOI Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC6
2014 Zhang, T., Zhang, A., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Zhou, W. (2014). The structure of a novel electron-transfer ferredoxin from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 which contains a histidine residue in its iron-sulfur cluster-binding motif. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, D70(5), 1453-1464.
DOI Scopus11 WoS10 Europe PMC6
2013 Vohra, S., Musgaard, M., Bell, S., Wong, L., Zhou, W., & Biggin, P. (2013). The dynamics of camphor in the cytochrome P450 CYP101D2. Protein Science, 22(9), 1218-1229.
DOI Scopus13 WoS13 Europe PMC11
2013 Bell, S., French, L., Rees, N., Cheng, S., Preston, G., & Wong, L. (2013). A phthalate family oxygenase reductase supports terpene alcohol oxidation by CYP238A1 from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 60(1), 9-17.
DOI Scopus10 WoS9 Europe PMC7
2013 Bell, S., Yang, W., Dale, A., Zhou, W., & Wong, L. (2013). Improving the affinity and activity of CYP101D2 for hydrophobic substrates. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97(9), 3979-3990.
DOI Scopus20 WoS16 Europe PMC8
2012 Bell, S., Zhou, R., Yang, W., Tan, A., Gentleman, A., Wong, L., & Zhou, W. (2012). Investigation of the substrate range of CYP199A4: modification of the partition between hydroxylation and desaturation activities by substrate and protein engineering. Chemistry-A European Journal, 18(52), 16677-16688.
DOI Scopus59 WoS57 Europe PMC39
2012 Bell, S., McMillan, J., Yorke, J., Kavanagh, E., Johnson, E., & Wong, L. (2012). Tailoring an alien ferredoxin to support native-like P450 monooxygenase activity. Chemical Communications, 48(95), 11692-11694.
DOI Scopus31 WoS30 Europe PMC21
2012 Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2012). P450BM3 (CYP102A1): connecting the dots. Chemical Society Reviews, 41(3), 1218-1260.
DOI Scopus614 WoS585 Europe PMC397
2012 Abdalla, J., Bowen, A., Bell, S., Wong, L., Timmel, C., & Harmer, J. (2012). Characterisation of the paramagnetic [2Fe-2S]⁺ centre in palustrisredoxin-B (PuxB) from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14(18), 6526-6537.
DOI Scopus13 WoS13 Europe PMC9
2012 Bell, S., Yang, W., Tan, A., Zhou, R., Johnson, E., Zhang, A., . . . Wong, L. (2012). The crystal structures of 4-methoxybenzoate bound CYP199A2 and CYP199A4: structural changes on substrate binding and the identification of an anion binding site. Dalton Transactions (Print Edition), 41(28), 8703-8714.
DOI Scopus61 WoS57 Europe PMC42
2012 Bell, S., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Zhou, W., Wang, H., Harmer, J., . . . Wong, L. (2012). Structure and function of CYP108D1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444: an aromatic hydrocarbon-binding P450 enzyme. Acta Crystallographica Section D-Biological Crystallography, 68(3), 277-291.
DOI Scopus32 WoS30 Europe PMC16
2011 Yang, W., Bell, S., Wang, H., Zhou, W., Bartlam, M., Wong, L., & Rao, Z. (2011). The structure of CYP101D2 unveils a potential path for substrate entry into the active site. Biochemical Journal, 433(1), 85-93.
DOI Scopus36 WoS34 Europe PMC26
2011 Ma, M., Bell, S., Yang, W., Hao, Y., Rees, N., Bartlam, M., . . . Rao, Z. (2011). Structural analysis of CYP101C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. ChemBioChem, 12(1), 88-99.
DOI Scopus34 WoS32 Europe PMC21
2011 Whitehouse, C., Rees, N., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2011). Dearomatisation of xylene by P450BM3 (CYP102A1). Chemistry-A European Journal, 17(24), 6862-6868.
DOI Scopus32 WoS32 Europe PMC15
2011 Whitehouse, C., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Tufton, H., Ogilvie, L., Bell, S., . . . Wong, L. (2011). Structure, electronic properties and catalytic behaviour of an activity-enhancing CYP102A1 (P450BM3) variant. Dalton Transactions (Print Edition), 40(40), 10383-10396.
DOI Scopus42 WoS40 Europe PMC28
2011 Zhou, R., Huang, C., Zhang, A., Bell, S., Zhou, W., & Wong, L. (2011). Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray analysis of CYP153C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 67(8), 964-967.
DOI Scopus8 WoS9 Europe PMC6
2011 Rowlatt, B., Yorke, J., Strong, A., Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2011). Chain length-dependent cooperativity in fatty acid binding and oxidation by cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1). Protein & Cell, 2(8), 656-671.
DOI Scopus20 WoS20 Europe PMC15
2010 Bell, S., Tan, A., Johnson, E., & Wong, L. (2010). Selective oxidative demethylation of veratric acid to vanillic acid by CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2. Molecular BioSystems, 6(1), 206-214.
DOI Scopus76 WoS76 Europe PMC52
2010 Bell, S., Dale, A., Rees, N., & Wong, L. (2010). A cytochrome P450 class I electron transfer system from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 86(1), 163-175.
DOI Scopus75 WoS76 Europe PMC56
2010 Bell, S., Xu, F., Johnson, E., Forward, I., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2010). Protein recognition in ferredoxin-P450 electron transfer in the class I CYP199A2 system from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 15(3), 315-328.
DOI Scopus64 WoS63 Europe PMC50
2010 Yang, W., Bell, S., Wang, H., Zhou, W., Hoskins, N., Dale, A., . . . Rao, Z. (2010). Molecular characterization of a class I P450 electron transfer system from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(35), 27372-27384.
DOI Scopus77 WoS73 Europe PMC61
2010 Cryle, M., Bell, S., & Schlichting, I. (2010). Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 CypX (CYP134A1) from Bacillus subtilis: A Cyclo-l-leucyl-l-leucyl Dipeptide Oxidase. Biochemistry, 49(34), 7282-7296.
DOI Scopus90 WoS86 Europe PMC74
2010 Whitehouse, C., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Rowlatt, B., Strong, A., Blanford, C., . . . Rao, Z. (2010). Structural basis for the properties of two single-site proline mutants of CYP102A1 (P450BM3). ChemBioChem, 11(18), 2549-2556.
DOI Scopus68 WoS68 Europe PMC41
2010 Feng, X., Bell, S. G., Ying, P., Johnson, E. O. D., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Luet-Lok, W. (2010). Erratum: Crystal structure of a ferredoxin reductase for the CYP199A2 system from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Proteins: Structure, Function and Bioformatics (2009) 77 (867-880)). Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics, 78(2), 501.
DOI
2009 Bell, S., & Vallee, B. (2009). The Metallothionein/Thionein System: an oxidoreductive metabolic zinc link. ChemBioChem, 10(1), 55-62.
DOI Scopus200 WoS183 Europe PMC151
2009 Holland, J., Giansiracusa, J., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Dilworth, J. (2009). In vitro kinetic studies on the mechanism of oxygen-dependent cellular uptake of copper radiopharmaceuticals. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 54(7), 2103-2119.
DOI Scopus35 WoS34 Europe PMC26
2009 Hong, C., Bell, S., Yang, W., Wang, H., Hao, Y., Li, X., . . . Wong, L. (2009). Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of cytochrome P450 219A1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 65(4), 364-367.
DOI Scopus2 WoS1
2009 Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Blanford, C., Strong, A., . . . Wong, L. (2009). A highly active single-mutation variant of P450BM3 (CYP102A1). ChemBioChem, 10(10), 1654-1656.
DOI Scopus72 WoS72 Europe PMC52
2009 Lovett, J., Bowen, A., Timmel, C., Jones, M., Dilworth, J., Caprotti, D., . . . Harmer, J. (2009). Structural information from orientationally selective DEER spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 11(31), 6840-6848.
DOI Scopus111 WoS106 Europe PMC83
2009 Xu, F., Bell, S., Peng, Y., Johnson, E., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2009). Crystal structure of a ferredoxin reductase for the CYP199A2 system from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Proteins-Structure Function and Genetics, 77(4), 867-880.
DOI Scopus41 WoS40 Europe PMC29
2008 Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., Tufton, H., Kenny, R., Ogilvie, L., & Wong, L. (2008). Evolved CYP102A1 (P450BM3) variants oxidise a range of non-natural substrates and offer new selectivity options. Chemical Communications, 28(8), 966-968.
DOI Scopus104 WoS99 Europe PMC61
2008 Guo, D., Xu, F., Bell, S., Pang, X., Bartlam, M., & Wong, L. (2008). Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of CYP195A2, a P450 enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Protein and Peptide Letters, 15(4), 423-426.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2008 Bell, S., Xu, F., Forward, I., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2008). Crystal structure of CYP199A2, a para-substituted benzoic acid oxidizing cytochrome P450 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Journal of Molecular Biology, 383(3), 561-574.
DOI Scopus55 WoS53 Europe PMC42
2008 Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2008). Desaturation of alkylbenzenes by Cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1). Chemistry-A European Journal, 14(35), 10905-10908.
DOI Scopus46 WoS47 Europe PMC28
2007 Pang, X., Xu, F., Bell, S., Guo, D., Wong, L., & Rao, Z. (2007). Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of cytochrome P450 203A1 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 63(4), 342-345.
DOI Scopus3 WoS2 Europe PMC1
2007 Peng, Y., Xu, F., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Rao, Z. (2007). Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a ferredoxin reductase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 63(5), 422-425.
DOI Scopus9 WoS8 Europe PMC9
2007 Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2007). P450 enzymes from the bacterium Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 360(3), 666-672.
DOI Scopus62 WoS61 Europe PMC46
2007 Xu, F., Bell, S., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2007). Structure-activity correlations in pentachlorobenzene oxidation by engineered cytochrome P450cam. Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 20(10), 473-480.
DOI Scopus31 WoS29 Europe PMC19
2007 Fleming, B., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Bond, A. (2007). The electrochemistry of a heme-containing enzyme, CYP199A2, adsorbed directly onto a pyrolytic graphite electrode. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 611(1-2), 149-154.
DOI Scopus15 WoS13
2006 Bell, S. G., Hoskins, N., Xu, F., Caprotti, D., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. L. (2006). Cytochrome P450 enzymes from the metabolically diverse bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 342(1), 191-196.
DOI Scopus66 WoS66 Europe PMC51
2005 Sowden, R. J., Yasmin, S., Rees, N. H., Bell, S. G., & Wong, L. L. (2005). Biotransformation of the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene by cytochrome P450cam and P450BM-3. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 3(1), 57-64.
DOI Scopus164 WoS142 Europe PMC100
2005 Xu, F., Bell, S. G., Lednik, J., Insley, A., Rao, Z. H., & Wong, L. L. (2005). The heme monooxygenase cytochrome P450(cam) can be engineered to oxidize ethane to ethanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44(26), 4029-4032.
DOI Scopus127 WoS105 Europe PMC58
2005 Fleming, B. D., Zhang, J., Bond, A. M., Bell, S. G., & Wong, L. L. (2005). Separation of electron-transfer and coupled chemical reaction components of biocatalytic processes using Fourier transform ac voltammetry. Analytical Chemistry, 77(11), 3502-3510.
DOI Scopus51 WoS51 Europe PMC19
2003 Bell, S. G., Chen, X., Xu, F., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. L. (2003). Engineering substrate recognition in catalysis by cytochrome P450cam. Biochemical Society Transactions, 31(3), 558-562.
DOI Scopus34 WoS28 Europe PMC19
2003 Bell, S. G., Chen, X., Sowden, R. J., Xu, F., Williams, J. N., Wong, L. L., & Rao, Z. (2003). Molecular recognition in (+)-α-pinene oxidation by cytochrome P450cam. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(3), 705-714.
DOI Scopus121 WoS104 Europe PMC61
2003 Bentley, E. A., Astier, Y., Ji, W. M., Bell, S. G., Wong, L. L., & Hill, H. A. O. (2003). The electrochemistry and scanning tunnelling microscopy of the flavoprotein putidaredoxin reductase on alkanethiol-modified gold. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 356, 343-348.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2003 Fleming, B. D., Tian, Y., Bell, S. G., Wong, L. L., Urlacher, V., & Allen O Hill, H. (2003). Redox properties of cytochrome P450BM3 measured by direct methods. European Journal of Biochemistry, 270(20), 4082-4088.
DOI Scopus121 WoS105 Europe PMC66
2003 Bell, S. G., Orton, E., Boyd, H., Stevenson, J. A., Riddle, A., Campbell, S., & Wong, L. L. (2003). Engineering cytochrome P450cam into an alkane hydroxylase. Dalton Transactions, (11), 2133-2140.
DOI Scopus41 WoS43
2002 Bell, S. G., Stevenson, J. A., Boyd, H. D., Campbell, S., Riddle, A. D., Orton, E. L., & Wong, L. L. (2002). Butane and propane oxidation by engineered cytochrome P450cam. Chemical Communications, 2(5), 490-491.
DOI Scopus76 WoS64 Europe PMC32
2002 Chen, X., Christopher, A., Jones, J. P., Bell, S. G., Guo, Q., Xu, F., . . . Wong, L. L. (2002). Crystal structure of the F87W/Y96F/V247L mutant of cytochrome P-450cam with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene bound and further protein engineering for the oxidation of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(40), 37519-37526.
DOI Scopus73 WoS64 Europe PMC37
2001 Bell, S. G., Harford-Cross, C. F., & Wong, L. L. (2001). Engineering the CYP101 system for in vivo oxidation of unnatural substrates. Protein Engineering, 14(10), 797-802.
DOI Scopus78 WoS71 Europe PMC47
2001 Bell, S. G., Sowden, R. J., & Wong, L. L. (2001). Engineering the haem monooxygenase cytochrome P450cam for monoterpene oxidation. Chemical Communications, (7), 635-636.
DOI Scopus65 WoS55
1997 Bell, S. G., Rouch, D. A., & Wong, L. L. (1997). Selective aliphatic and aromatic carbon-hydrogen bond activation catalysed by mutants of cytochrome p450(cam). Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic, 3(6), 293-302.
DOI Scopus26 WoS21
1996 England, P. A., Rouch, D. A., Westlake, A. C. G., Bell, S. G., Nickerson, D. P., Webberley, M., . . . Wong, L. L. (1996). Aliphatic vs. aromatic C-H bond activation of phenylcyclohexane catalysed by cytochrome P450cam. Chemical Communications, (3), 357-358.
DOI Scopus32 WoS21

Year Citation
2017 Harbort, J. S., De Voss, J. J., Stok, J. E., Bell, S. G., & Harmer, J. R. (2017). CW and Pulse EPR of Cytochrome P450 to Determine Structure and Function. In L. Berliner, & G. Hanson (Eds.), Future Directions in Metalloprotein and Metalloenzyme Research (Vol. 13, pp. 103-142). Switzerland: Springer.
DOI Scopus7 WoS7
2007 Urlacher, V., Bell, S., & Wong, L. L. (2007). The bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: P450cam and P450BM-3. In R. D. Schmid, & V. B. Urlacher (Eds.), Modern Biooxidation: Enzymes, Reactions and Applications (pp. 99-122). Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley.
DOI Scopus15
2007 Bell, S., Hoskins, N., Whitehouse, C., & Wong, L. (2007). Design and engineering of cytochrome P450 systems. In A. Sigel, H. Sigel, & R. Sigel (Eds.), The Ubiquitous Roles of Cytochrome P450 Proteins: Metal Ions in Life Sciences (Volume 3) (Vol. 3, pp. 437-476). West Sussex, England: Wiley.
DOI Scopus29
2005 Wong, L., & Bell, S. G. (2005). Iron: Heme Proteins, Mono‐ & DioxygenasesBased in part on the article Iron: Heme Proteins, Mono‐ & Dioxygenases by Masanori Sono & John H. Dawson which appeared in the
<i>Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition</i>
.. Wiley.
DOI

Year Citation
2017 Wong, S. H., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2017). P450 catalysed dehydrogenation. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (ICPOC-23 2016) as published in Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 89 (pp. 841-852). Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
DOI Scopus21 WoS19
2010 Wong, L. L., Whitehouse, C. J. C., Yang, W., Yorke, J. A., Blanford, C. F., Bell, S. G., . . . Rao, Z. (2010). Engineering P450s by Rational Design. In DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS Vol. 42 (pp. 20). Istanbul, TURKEY: INFORMA HEALTHCARE.

Year Citation
2015 Williamson, N. M., Huang, D. M., Bell, S. G., & Metha, G. F. (2015). Guided Inquiry Learning in an Introductory Chemistry Course. Poster session presented at the meeting of International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem). Honolulu, USA.
2012 Williamson, N. M., Metha, G. F., Huang, D. M., & Bell, S. G. (2012). Development of POGIL-Style Organic Chemistry Activities. Poster session presented at the meeting of Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education. Sydney.

Year Citation
2024 Harlington, A., Das, T., Shearwin, K., Bell, S., & Whelan, F. (2024). The S-lignin<i>O</i>-demethylase SyoA: Structural insights into a new class of heme peroxygenase enzymes.
DOI
2023 Akter, J., Hayball, E., & Bell, S. (2023). Efficient regio- and stereo-selective C-H bond hydroxylation of steroids using an engineered heme-thiolate peroxygenase biocatalyst.
DOI
2023 Lee, J., Bruning, J., & Bell, S. (2023). In Crystallo Reactions with an Engineered Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase.
DOI

Grants and Funding

The Australian Research Council have funded our research into P450 mechanism through Discovery Project Grants and a Future Fellowship

We have grants

1) the role of cholesterol metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an effort to inhibit this pathogenic bacterium which cause tuberculosis.

2) the isolation of new thermostable biocatalyst and methods to apply these (immoblisation) for synthetic applications.

3) the design of inhibitors for steroid oxidising P450 enzymes in humans which play a role in prostate cancer.

Teaching

I have taught a broad range of courses across all Levels of Chemistry with a focus on Inorganic Chemistry.

Chem III Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms and Organometallic Chemistry - with a focus on the reaction kinetics of ligand exchange in metal complexes and how this can be applied to design of metal complexes which can be used in biology and medicine.

Medicinal and Biological Chemistry III - Electron transfer - focus on electron transfer in Chemistry and Biology. Understanding the mechanism, significance and roles of electron transfer in metal-ligand complexes and biological systems. How biological systems have been optimised to regulate electron transfer processes which are critical to life.

I also teach a range of first year courses - Transition metal chemistry, Kinetics and Electrochemistry.

Date Role Research Topic Program Degree Type Student Load Student Name
2026 Co-Supervisor Design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecule DECR1 inhibitors to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Hayden Matthew Wittwer
2026 Co-Supervisor Machine Learning Prediction of I-Helix Mutations for Engineering Cytochrome P450 Catalytic Activity and Stability Master of Research Master Full Time Mr Jayden Scott Gavin Atkins
2025 Co-Supervisor Discovery and directed evolution of bacterial biosensors Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Ms Madeline Rose Fechner
2025 Principal Supervisor Exploring Cold-Adapted Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from Psychrophilic Organisms: Production, Characterization, and Biotechnological Applications. Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Rabia Mehmood
2025 Principal Supervisor Study of steroid metabolizing enzymes from actinobacteria and the genus Bacillus Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Sabiha Enam Spriha
2025 Principal Supervisor Analysis of P450 cytochrome monooxygenases from cyanobacteria Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Samaneh Jafari Porzani
2024 Principal Supervisor Characterization of peroxygenase activity in CYP154 enzymes from the thermophilic bacterium Thermobifida fusca Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Oghenesivwe Osiebe
2024 Principal Supervisor Exploration and Exploitation of Novel Thermally Adapted Cytochromes P450 and their Biotechnological Uses Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Delroy Sheng Yu Huang
2024 Principal Supervisor Developing new methods for drug release targeting cell surface receptor density. Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Maya Liza Doyle
2024 Principal Supervisor The Study of Cholesterol Oxidizing Enzymes from Actinobacteria Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Dr Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw
2023 Co-Supervisor Naphtalimide Scaffolds for Optical+XRF multimodal Probes Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Terry Koh
2023 Principal Supervisor Engineering CYP17A1 inhibitors for castrate-resistant prostate cancer Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Nikita Yevstigneyev
2023 Principal Supervisor Characterization and Structural Study of Cytochrome P450 enzymes from thermophilic bacteria Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Tuhin Das
2022 Principal Supervisor Synthesis of inhibitors for steroid metabolising enzymes Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Eva Hayball
2022 Principal Supervisor Combining machine-learning and rational design for engineering heme enzyme biocatalysts and biosensors. Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Alecia Rachel Gee

Date Role Research Topic Program Degree Type Student Load Student Name
2023 - 2024 Co-Supervisor Taking the Brakes Off Photocatalytic Drug Uncaging Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Liam Matthew Carson
2020 - 2024 Principal Supervisor Evolution and inhibition of cholesterol catabolising P450 enzymes in pathogenic mycobacteria Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Daniel Zocchi Doherty
2020 - 2024 Principal Supervisor The Application of Peroxygenase P450 Enzymes as Selective Oxidation Catalysts Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Jinia Akter
2020 - 2025 Principal Supervisor Using CYP199A4 as a Model System to Investigate the Conversion of Cytochrome P450s Into Efficient Peroxygenases Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Matthew Podgorski
2019 - 2023 Principal Supervisor Protein and Reaction Engineering of P450 Enzymes for Selective Oxidations Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Dr Joel Hoong Zhang Lee
2019 - 2023 Principal Supervisor Understanding cytochrome P450 cholesterol metabolism in bacteria Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Dr Amna Ghith
2018 - 2023 Principal Supervisor Structural and Functional Investigations of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from Mycobacterium Species Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Hebatalla Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed
2018 - 2020 Principal Supervisor Exploring the Monooxygenase Activity and Selectivity of Two Related Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Saurabh Kumar Ahirwar
2017 - 2020 Principal Supervisor Investigation of the Mechanism of Multiple Cytochrome P450-catalysed Reactions Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Matthew Podgorski
2016 - 2018 Principal Supervisor Harnessing P450 Enzymes as Biocatalysts for Selective C-H Bond Hydroxylation Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Dr Joel Hoong Zhang Lee
2016 - 2020 Principal Supervisor Enzyme Immobilisation using Porous Frameworks Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Dr Natasha Kate Maddigan
2015 - 2017 Co-Supervisor Isolation of New P450s and the Modification of Existing P450s for Biocatalysis Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Ian Cheuk-Kei Lau
2015 - 2019 Principal Supervisor Application of the Monooxygenase Enzymes CYP101B1 and CYP101C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans for Selective and Efficient Functionalisation of Inert C-H Bonds Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Md Raihan Sarkar
2015 - 2019 Principal Supervisor Strategies to improve the efficiency of oxidation reactions of the enzyme Cytochrome P450Bm3 Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Shaghayegh Dezvarei
2014 - 2016 Co-Supervisor Utilising CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas Palustris HaA2 for Biocatalysis and Mechanistic Studies Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Miss Rebecca Chao
2014 - 2018 Principal Supervisor Utilising CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 for investigation of the mechanism of cytochrome P450-catalysed oxidations Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Tom Coleman
2014 - 2018 Principal Supervisor Deciphering Electron Transfer and Cytochrome P450 Activity in Mycobacterium marinum Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Stella Agnes Child
2014 - 2016 Co-Supervisor Investigations and Applications of Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Samuel David Munday
2013 - 2015 Co-Supervisor The Efficient and Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Terpenoids and Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the P450 Monooxygenase CYP101B1 Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Emma Ashleigh Hall

Date Role Committee Institution Country
2013 - ongoing Member Steering committee of the Adelaide Integrated Bioscience Laboratories - Australia

Date Role Editorial Board Name Institution Country
2016 - ongoing Member Scientific Reports - -

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