Associate Professor Stephen Bell

Associate Professor/Reader

School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences

Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology

Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD - email supervisor to discuss availability.

Enzyme Catalysis

Students are working on wide range of projects related to the application of enzyme for chemical synthesis using interdisciplinary methods from Biochemistry, Synthetic Biology and Chemistry suitable for students with a background in Chemistry and Biological Science with an interest in enzyme biocatalysis, chemical synthesis, the structure of metalloproteins, microbiology of secondary metabolite synthesis and how proteins/enzymes have evolved to function.

The screening, engineering and directed evolution of enzymes holds great promise for biotechnological applications. In the lab we study enzymes for biocatalysis and organic synthesis applications. The ultimate goal is to develop these systems as biocatalysts for clean, sustainable, low energy oxidation processes with applications in natural product synthesis (for example generation of valuable flavour and fragrance compounds) and then bioremediation of recalcitrant compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons.

We engineer cytochrome P450 enzymes to alter their function and identify new enzymes from metabolically diverse bacteria and archaea which are capable of binding and oxidising a wide range of organic compounds. We currently focus on steroid and terpenoid oxidising enzymes from a range of microorganisms. Many of these microbes have evolved to survive in extreme conditions (e.g. temperature and pH) and we are exploring these robust enzymes as biocatalysts using new methods developed by graduate students here at Adelaide.
We also identify new electron transfer partners (e.g. iron-sulphur ferredoxin proteins and flavoproteins) in order to improve the efficiency of the enzymes which is essential for scale-up of their activity. We develop whole cell oxidation systems, which enable the easy screening, scale-up and production of oxygenated organic products.

We are involved in collaborative work with other researchers to
1) to study the mechanism of action of these enzymes which is important in understanding drug metabolism and design
2) Determine the structure of the enzymes by X-ray crystallography and other techniques such as NMR and Mass Spectroscopy
3) Immobilise the enzymes on different solid state supports to enhance their stability and lifetime.

My Research
Career
Publications
Grants and Funding
Teaching
Supervision
Professional Activities
Contact

The isolation and study of cytochrome P450 enzymes for biocatalysis and medicinal chemistry

The cytochrome P450 superfamily of haem iron monooxygenases is found in virtually all living organisms. They catalyse the oxidation of numerous endogenous and exogenous organic compounds and perform vital functions such as the biosynthesis of steroids and antibiotics and oxidative detoxification of xenobiotics. These monooxygenase enzymes catalyse the insertion of one atom of atmospheric oxygen into a carbon hydrogen bond.

R–H + 2H⁺ + 2e^– + O₂ → R–OH + H₂O

The screening, engineering and directed evolution of cytochrome P450 enzymes for oxidation reactions holds great promise for biotechnological applications as these reactions are challenging to perform using traditional chemical synthesis. In the lab we study these cytochrome P450 enzymes for biocatalysis and organic synthesis applications. The ultimate goal is to develop these systems as robust biocatalysts for clean, sustainable, low energy oxidation processes in natural product synthesis (e.g. flavour and fragrance compounds) and bioremediation of recalcitrant compounds (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons and lignin mononmers).

We identify new enzymes from a wide range of bacteria and archaea and assess their function and potential applications. Projects include

1) designing and testing inhibitors for P450 enzymes from pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2) assessing the role of P450 enzymes from bacteria in secondary metabolism (steroids and terpenoid oxidation)

3) the development of efficient and thermostable oxygenase bicatalysts from extremophile organisms

We alter the sequence of these cytochrome P450 enzymes to change their function. We identify new enzymes from metabolically diverse bacteria which are capable of binding and oxidising a wide range of organic compounds. For example we have recently isolated P450 enzymes that are capable of selectively hydroxylating terpenoids and steroids. We have recently identified P450 enzymes which can tolerate conditions not usually suited for enzyme chemistry (high temperature, organic solvent and pH extremes). Using a method developed in Adelaide we modify these enzymes so they can efficiently use hydrogen peroxide to catalyse their reactions. Together this simplifies their application.

We have an interest in their electron transfer partners (e.g. iron-sulphur ferredoxin proteins and flavoproteins) in order to improve the efficiency of the purified enzymes and which is essential to design efficient whole-cell oxidation systems using synthetic biology. We have developed whole cell oxidation systems, which enable the easy screening, scale-up and production of oxygenated organic products. We aim to further optimise and scale-up these systems (in vitro and in vivo) using fermentor technology and bioprocess engineering to generate products on a large scale.

This work has led to the formation of a spin out company Oxford Biotrans (http://oxfordbiotrans.com/) which has been set up to use biocatalysis to generate compounds on a tonne scale which are used in the flavour and fragrance industry.

Students undertake a wide range of activities at the interface of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Synthetic Biology including protein synthesis and enzyme assays (biochemistry), and protein engineering (molecular biology). Scale-up of the enzyme activity and inhibitor synthesis requires organic chemistry techniques (synthesis) and analytical chemistry (HPLC, GC-MS etc.). This provides an excellent platform for students seeking jobs outside of academia. We also explore the structure of these enzymes using X-ray crystallography (variable temperature studies). Members of the group have also undertakem other spectroscopic techniques including, electrochemistry and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) studies of these cytochrome P450 enzymes at Adelaide and in collaboration with others.

The Australian Research Council are currently funding our research into P450 mechanism through a Discovery Project Grants. My research into isolating and understanding novel P450 electron transfer partners has been funded through an ARC Future Fellowship.

My group currently consists of 7-8 PhD Students and I have extensive experience in supervising Honours students.

Potential research students are directed to the Adelaide Graduate Centre for information on admissions, applications and scholarship

https://www.adelaide.edu.au/graduate-research/

Questions regarding typical research projects can be directed to Dr Bell.

Appointments

Date	Position	Institution name
2017 - 2019	Associate Professor and ARC Future Fellow	University of Adelaide
2017 - ongoing	Associate Professor	University of Adelaide
2015 - 2016	Senior Lecturer and ARC Future Fellow	University of Adelaide
2012 - 2014	Lecturer	University of Adelaide

Awards and Achievements

Date	Type	Title	Institution Name	Country	Amount
2016	Teaching Award	OLT Citation for Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning	University of Adelaide/Australian Government Department of Education and Training	Australia	-
2015	Fellowship	ARC Future Fellowship	University of Adelaide	Australia	-
2013	Achievement	Founding Shareholder of Oxford Biotrans	-	United Kingdom	-

Education

Date Institution name Country Title
Oxford university United Kingdom DPhil
University of Oxford United Kingdom BA and MA Chemistry (Oxon)
Research Interests

Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Bioinorganic Chemistry Bioprocessing, Bioproduction and Bioproducts Bioremediation Biotechnology Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions Chemical Sciences Enzymes Industrial Microbiology Industrial Molecular Engineering of Nucleic Acids and Proteins Inorganic Chemistry Medical Biochemistry: Proteins and Peptides Organic Chemical Synthesis Organic Chemistry Proteins and Peptides Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy Synthetic Biology

Date	Institution name	Country	Title
	Oxford university	United Kingdom	DPhil
	University of Oxford	United Kingdom	BA and MA Chemistry (Oxon)

Journals

Year	Citation
2024	Giang, P. D., Churchman, L. R., Buczynski, J. B., Bell, S. G., Stok, J. E., & De Voss, J. J. (2024). CYP108N14: A Monoterpene Monooxygenase from Rhodococcus globerulus. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 752, 109852-1-109852-8. DOI Scopus3 Europe PMC2
2024	Churchman, L. R., Beckett, J. R., Tan, L., Woods, K., Doherty, D. Z., Ghith, A., . . . De Voss, J. J. (2024). Synthesis of steroidal inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 239, 106479-1-106479-16. DOI
2024	Mohamed, H., Child, S. A., Doherty, D. Z., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2024). Structural determination and characterisation of the CYP105Q4 cytochrome P450 enzyme from Mycobacterium marinum. Arch Biochem Biophys, 754, 109950-1-109950-11. DOI
2024	Pedroni, L., Doherty, D. Z., Dall'Asta, C., Galaverna, G., Bell, S. G., & Dellafiora, L. (2024). Computational methods meet in vitro techniques: A case study on fusaric acid and its possible detoxification through cytochrome P450 enzymes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 273, 116167. DOI
2024	Podgorski, M. N., Akter, J., Churchman, L. R., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2024). Engineering Peroxygenase Activity into Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases through Modification of the Oxygen Binding Region. ACS Catalysis, 14(10), 7426-7443. DOI Scopus1
2024	Lee, J. H. Z., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2024). An In Crystallo Reaction with an Engineered Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase*. Chemistry: A European Journal*, 30(8), e202303335-1-e202303335-8. DOI Scopus1
2024	Lee, J. H. Z., Coleman, T., Mclean, M. A., Podgorski, M. N., Hayball, E. F., Stone, I. S. J., . . . Bell, S. G. (2024). Selective α-Hydroxyketone Formation and Subsequent C-C Bond Cleavage by Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Enzymes. ACS Catalysis, 14(11), 8958-8971. DOI Scopus1
2023	Churchman, L. R., Giang, P. D., Buczynski, J. B., Stok, J. E., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2023). Synthesis of substituted norcaranes for use as probes of enzyme mechanisms. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 21(48), 9647-9658. DOI
2023	Ghith, A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The catalytic activity and structure of the lipid metabolizing CYP124 cytochrome P450 enzyme from Mycobacterium marinum.. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 737, 109554. DOI Scopus2 WoS1
2023	Mohamed, H., Ghith, A., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The binding of nitrogen-donor ligands to the ferric and ferrous forms of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 242, 112168. DOI Scopus3
2023	Giang, P. D., Churchman, L. R., Stok, J. E., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2023). Cymredoxin, a [2Fe–2S] ferredoxin, supports catalytic activity of the p-cymene oxidising P450 enzyme CYP108N12. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 737, 109549-1-109549-9. DOI Scopus4 Europe PMC2
2023	Miller, J. C., Lee, J. H. Z., Mclean, M. A., Chao, R. R., Stone, I. S. J., Pukala, T. L., . . . Bell, S. G. (2023). Engineering C–C Bond Cleavage Activity into a P450 Monooxygenase Enzyme. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145(16), 9207-9222. DOI Scopus11 WoS2 Europe PMC3
2023	Akter, J., Stockdale, T. P., Child, S. A., Lee, J. H. Z., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2023). Selective carbon-hydrogen bond hydroxylation using an engineered cytochrome P450 peroxygenase. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 244, 1-9. DOI Scopus9 WoS3
2023	Coleman, T., Podgorski, M. N., Doyle, M. L., Scaffidi-Muta, J. M., Campbell, E. C., Bruning, J. B., . . . Bell, S. G. (2023). Cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of halogen-containing substrates.. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 244, 12 pages. DOI Scopus2 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2023	Ghith, A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The oxidation of cholesterol derivatives by the CYP124 and CYP142 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum.. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 231, 106317-1-106317-12. DOI Scopus1 Europe PMC1
2023	Podgorski, M. N., Keto, A. B., Coleman, T., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., Krenske, E. H., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The Oxidation of Oxygen and Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Chemistry: A European Journal, 29(50), e202301371-1-e202301371-15. DOI Scopus3
2023	Doherty, D. Z., Ghith, A., Ho, A., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The bacterial cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP125 enzymes can competitively oxidise sitosterol in the presence of cholesterol. Chemical Communications, 59(61), 9392-9395. DOI Scopus1
2023	Ghith, A., & Bell, S. G. (2023). The oxidation of steroid derivatives by the CYP125A6 and CYP125A7 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 235, 106406-1-106406-14. DOI Scopus1
2023	Podgorski, M. N., Lee, J. H. Z., Harbort, J. S., Nguyen, G. T. H., Doherty, D. Z., Donald, W. A., . . . Bell, S. G. (2023). Characterisation of the heme aqua-ligand coordination environment in an engineered peroxygenase cytochrome P450 variant. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 249, 1-13. DOI Scopus1
2023	Gee, A. R., Stone, I., Stockdale, T. P., Pukala, T. L., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2023). Efficient biocatalytic C-H bond oxidation: an engineered heme-thiolate peroxygenase from a thermostable cytochrome P450. Chemical Communications, 59(90), 13486-13489. DOI Scopus3
2023	Akter, J., Hayball, E. F., & Bell, S. G. (2023). Efficient regio- and stereo-selective C-H bond hydroxylation of steroids using an engineered heme-thiolate peroxygenase biocatalyst. Catalysis Science and Technology, 13(22), 6355-6359. DOI Scopus2
2022	Coleman, T., Kirk, A. M., Lee, J. H. Z., Doherty, D. Z., Bruning, J. B., Krenske, E. H., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). Different geometric requirements for cytochrome P450-catalyzed aliphatic versus aromatic hydroxylation results in chemoselective oxidation. ACS Catalysis, 12(2), 1258-1267. DOI Scopus17 WoS11
2022	Podgorski, M. N., Harbort, J. S., Lee, J. H. Z., Nguyen, G. T. H., Bruning, J. B., Donald, W. A., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). An altered heme environment in an engineered cytochrome P450 enzyme enables the switch from monooxygenase to peroxygenase activity. ACS Catalysis, 12(3), 1614-1625. DOI Scopus32 WoS17
2022	Mohamed, H., Child, S. A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2022). A comparison of the bacterial CYP51 cytochrome P450 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 221, 106097-1-106097-14. DOI Scopus5 WoS3 Europe PMC1
2022	Lee, J., Podgorski, M., Moir, M., Gee, A. R., & Bell, S. G. (2022). Selective oxidations using a cytochrome P450 enzyme variant driven with surrogate oxygen donors and light. Chemistry: A European Journal, 28(49), 1-9. DOI Scopus10 WoS7 Europe PMC2
2022	Ghith, A., Doherty, D. Z., Bruning, J. B., Russell, R. A., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2022). The Structures of the Steroid Binding CYP142 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. ACS Infectious Diseases, 8(8), 1606-1617. DOI Scopus7 WoS3 Europe PMC1
2022	Coleman, T., Lee, J., Kirk, A. M., Doherty, D. Z., Podgorski, M. N., Pinidiya, D. K., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). Enabling Aromatic Hydroxylation in a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Enzyme through Protein Engineering. Chemistry: A European Journal, 28(67), 1-13. DOI Scopus10 WoS2 Europe PMC3
2022	Podgorski, M. N., Coleman, T., Churchman, L. R., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2022). Investigating the active oxidants involved in cytochrome P450 catalyzed sulfoxidation reactions. Chemistry: A European Journal, 28(72), 1-14. DOI Scopus12 WoS5 Europe PMC5
2022	Coleman, T., Doherty, D. Z., Zhang, T., Podgorski, M. N., Qiao, R., Lee, J. H. Z., . . . Bell, S. G. (2022). Exploring the Factors which Result in Cytochrome P450 Catalyzed Desaturation Versus Hydroxylation. Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 17(24), 1-15. DOI Scopus8 WoS4 Europe PMC2
2022	Harlington, A. C., Shearwin, K. E., Bell, S. G., & Whelan, F. (2022). Efficient O-demethylation of lignin monoaromatics using the peroxygenase activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chemical Communications, 58(96), 13321-13324. DOI Scopus13 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2021	Coleman, T., Kirk, A. M., Chao, R. R., Podgorski, M. N., Harbort, J. S., Churchman, L. R., . . . Bell, S. G. (2021). Understanding the Mechanistic Requirements for Efficient and Stereoselective Alkene Epoxidation by a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme. ACS Catalysis, 11(4), 1995-2010. DOI Scopus34 WoS21
2021	Maddigan, N. K., Linder-Patton, O. M., Falcaro, P., Sumby, C. J., Bell, S. G., & Doonan, C. J. (2021). Influence of the synthesis and storage conditions on the activity of Candida antarctica lipase B ZIF-8 biocomposites. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13(44), 51867-51875. DOI Scopus32 WoS18 Europe PMC4
2021	Chao, R., Lau, I., Coleman, T., Churchman, L. R., Child, S. A., Lee, J. H. Z., . . . Bell, S. G. (2021). The stereoselective oxidation of para-substituted benzenes by a cytochrome P450 biocatalyst. Chemistry: A European Journal, 27(59), 14765-14777. DOI Scopus8 WoS6 Europe PMC2
2021	Podgorski, M. N., Coleman, T., Giang, P. D., Wang, C. R., Bruning, J. B., Bernhardt, P. V., . . . Bell, S. G. (2021). To be, or not to be, an Inhibitor: a comparison of azole interactions with and oxidation by a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Inorganic Chemistry, 61(1), 236-245. DOI Scopus9 WoS4 Europe PMC1
2020	Podgorski, M. N., Harbort, J. S., Coleman, T., Stok, J. E., Yorke, J. A., Wong, L. -L., . . . Bell, S. G. (2020). Biophysical techniques for distinguishing ligand binding modes in cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Biochemistry, 59(9), 1038-1050. DOI Scopus22 WoS15 Europe PMC5
2020	Coleman, T., Stok, J. E., Podgorski, M. N., Bruning, J. B., De Voss, J. J., & Bell, S. G. (2020). Structural insights into the role of the acid-alcohol pair of residues required for dioxygen activation in cytochrome P450 enzymes. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 25(4), 583-596. DOI Scopus27 WoS24 Europe PMC10
2020	Pederick, J. L., Thompson, A. P., Bell, S. G., & Bruning, J. B. (2020). D-alanine-D-alanine ligase as a model for the activation of ATP-grasp enzymes by monovalent cations.. The Journal of biological chemistry, 295(23), 7894-7904. DOI Scopus20 WoS15 Europe PMC10
2020	Child, S. A., Ghith, A., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2020). A comparison of steroid and lipid binding cytochrome P450s from Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 209, 1-12. DOI Scopus11 WoS8 Europe PMC1
2020	Sarkar, M. R., & Bell, S. G. (2020). Complementary and selective oxidation of hydrocarbon derivatives by two cytochrome P450 enzymes of the same family. CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 10(17), 5983-5995. DOI Scopus5 WoS4
2020	Podgorski, M. N., Coleman, T., Chao, R. R., De Voss, J. J., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2020). Investigation of the requirements for efficient and selective cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalysis across different reactions. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 203, 110913-1-110913-13. DOI Scopus24 WoS19 Europe PMC9
2019	Sarkar, M. R., Houston, S. D., Savage, G. P., Williams, C. M., Krenske, E. H., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2019). Rearrangement-free hydroxylation of methylcubanes by a cytochrome P450: the case for dynamical coupling of C-H abstraction and rebound. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(50), 19688-19699. DOI Scopus27 WoS20 Europe PMC7
2019	Nguyen, G. T. H., Tran, T. N., Podgorski, M. N., Bell, S. G., Supuran, C. T., & Donald, W. A. (2019). Nanoscale ion emitters in native mass spectrometry for measuring ligand–protein binding affinities. ACS Central Science, 5(2), 308-318. DOI Scopus92 WoS72 Europe PMC35
2019	Child, S. A., Flint, K. L., Bruning, J. B., & Bell, S. G. (2019). The characterisation of two members of the cytochrome P450 CYP150 family: CYP150A5 and CYP150A6 from Mycobacterium marinum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1863(5), 925-934. DOI Scopus4 WoS4
2019	Dezvarei, S., Shoji, O., Watanabe, Y., & Bell, S. G. (2019). The effect of decoy molecules on the activity of the P450Bm3 holoenzyme and a heme domain peroxygenase variant. Catalysis Communications, 124, 97-102. DOI Scopus6 WoS3
2019	Sarkar, M. R., Dasgupta, S., Pyke, S. M., & Bell, S. G. (2019). Selective biocatalytic hydroxylation of unactivated methylene C-H bonds in cyclic alkyl substrates. Chemical Communications, 55(34), 5029-5032. DOI Scopus12 WoS10 Europe PMC4
2019	Lau, I. C. K., Feyereisen, R., Nelson, D. R., & Bell, S. G. (2019). Analysis and preliminary characterisation of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from Frankia sp. EuI1c (Frankia inefficax sp.). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 669, 11-21. DOI Scopus8 WoS4 Europe PMC2
2019	Liang, W., Carraro, F., Solomon, M. B., Bell, S. G., Amenitsch, H., Sumby, C. J., . . . Doonan, C. J. (2019). Enzyme encapsulation in a porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(36), 14298-14305. DOI Scopus218 WoS116 Europe PMC28
2019	Child, S. A., Rossi, V. P., & Bell, S. G. (2019). Selective ϖ-1 oxidation of fatty acids by CYP147G1 from Mycobacterium marinum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1863(2), 408-417. DOI Scopus10 WoS6 Europe PMC3
2019	Day, A. J., Lee, J. H. Z., Phan, Q. D., Lam, H. C., Ametovski, A., Sumby, C. J., . . . George, J. H. (2019). Biomimetic and biocatalytic synthesis of bruceol. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 58(5), 1427-1431. DOI Scopus15 WoS10 Europe PMC3
2019	Lee, J. H. Z., Wong, S. H., Stok, J. E., Bagster, S. A., Beckett, J., Clegg, J. K., . . . Bell, S. G. (2019). Selective hydroxylation of 1,8- and 1,4-cineole using bacterial P450 variants. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 663, 54-63. DOI Scopus10 WoS8 Europe PMC4
2019	Liang, W., Xu, H., Carraro, F., Maddigan, N. K., Li, Q., Bell, S. G., . . . Doonan, C. J. (2019). Enhanced activity of enzymes encapsulated in hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(6), 2348-2355. DOI Scopus368 WoS288 Europe PMC61
2018	Child, S., Naumann, E., Bruning, J., & Bell, S. (2018). Structural and functional characterisation of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP268A2 from Mycobacterium marinum. The Biochemical Journal, 475(4), 705-722. DOI Scopus14 WoS11 Europe PMC2
2018	Dezvarei, S., Lee, J., & Bell, S. (2018). Stereoselective hydroxylation of isophorone by variants of the cytochromes P450 CYP102A1 and CYP101A1. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 111, 29-37. DOI Scopus16 WoS14 Europe PMC7
2018	Liang, W., Ricco, R., Maddigan, N., Dickinson, R., Xu, H., Li, Q., . . . Doonan, C. (2018). Control of structure topology and spatial distribution of biomacromolecules in Protein@ZIF-8 biocomposites. Chemistry of Materials, 30(3), 1069-1077. DOI Scopus152 WoS126
2018	Bowen, A., Johnson, E., Mercuri, F., Hoskins, N., Qiao, R., McCullagh, J., . . . Harmer, J. (2018). A structural model of a P450-ferredoxin complex from orientation-selective double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(7), 2514-2527. DOI Scopus18 WoS18 Europe PMC10
2018	Dezvarei, S., Onoda, H., Shoji, O., Watanabe, Y., & Bell, S. G. (2018). Efficient hydroxylation of cycloalkanes by co-addition of decoy molecules to variants of the cytochrome P450 CYP102A1. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 183, 137-145. DOI Scopus14 WoS13 Europe PMC6
2018	Maddigan, N., Tarzia, A., Huang, D., Sumby, C., Bell, S., Falcaro, P., & Doonan, C. (2018). Protein surface functionalisation as a general strategy for facilitating biomimetic mineralisation of ZIF-8. Chemical Science, 9(18), 4217-4223. DOI Scopus139 WoS115 Europe PMC33
2018	Coleman, T., Wong, S., Podgorski, M., Bruning, J., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2018). Cytochrome P450 CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris catalyses heteroatom dealkylations, sulfoxidation and amide and cyclic hemiacetal formation. ACS Catalysis, 8(7), 5915-5927. DOI Scopus28 WoS22
2018	Linder-Patton, O., De Prinse, T., Furukawa, S., Bell, S., Sumida, K., Doonan, C., & Sumby, C. (2018). Influence of nanoscale structuralisation on the catalytic performance of ZIF-8: a cautionary surface catalysis study. CrystEngComm, 20(34), 4926-4934. DOI Scopus40 WoS30
2018	Child, S. A., Bradley, J. M., Pukala, T. L., Svistunenko, D. A., Le Brun, N. E., & Bell, S. G. (2018). Electron transfer ferredoxins with unusual cluster binding motifs support secondary metabolism in many bacteria. Chemical Science, 9(41), 7948-7957. DOI Scopus31 WoS23 Europe PMC12
2017	Sarkar, M., Lee, J., & Bell, S. (2017). The oxidation of hydrophobic aromatic substrates by using a variant of the P450 monooxygenase CYP101B1. ChemBioChem, 18(21), 2119-2128. DOI Scopus14 WoS13 Europe PMC6
2017	Maddigan, N., & Bell, S. (2017). The self-sufficient CYP102 family enzyme, Krac9955, from Ktedonobacter racemifer DSM44963 acts as an alkyl- and alkyloxy-benzoic acid hydroxylase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 615, 15-21. DOI Scopus14 WoS10 Europe PMC4
2017	Hall, E., Sarkar, M., & Bell, S. (2017). The selective oxidation of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and the observation of uncoupling via redox cycling during naphthalene oxidation by the CYP101B1 system. Catalysis Science and Technology, 7(7), 1537-1548. DOI Scopus12 WoS12
2017	Munday, S., Dezvarei, S., Lau, I., & Bell, S. (2017). Examination of selectivity in the oxidation of ortho- and meta-disubstituted benzenes by CYP102A1 (P450 Bm3) variants. ChemCatChem, 9(13), 2512-2522. DOI Scopus17 WoS12
2016	Munday, S., Shoji, O., Watanabe, Y., Wong, L., & Bell, S. (2016). Improved oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons using rate enhancing variants of P450Bm3 in combination with decoy molecules. Chemical Communications, 52(5), 1036-1039. DOI Scopus34 WoS31 Europe PMC13
2016	Liang, K., Coghlan, C., Bell, S., Doonan, C., & Falcaro, P. (2016). Enzyme encapsulation in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: a comparison between controlled co-precipitation and biomimetic mineralisation. Chemical Communications, 52(3), 473-476. DOI Scopus233 WoS203 Europe PMC37
2016	Munday, S., Maddigan, N., Young, R., & Bell, S. (2016). Characterisation of two self-sufficient CYP102 family monooxygenases from Ktedonobacter racemifer DSM44963 which have new fatty acid alcohol product profiles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1860(6), 1149-1162. DOI Scopus23 WoS22 Europe PMC7
2016	Coleman, T., Chao, R., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2016). The importance of the benzoic acid carboxylate moiety for substrate recognition by CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, 1864(6), 667-675. DOI Scopus19 WoS16 Europe PMC3
2016	Stok, J. E., Hall, E. A., Stone, I. S. J., Noble, M. C., Wong, S. H., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2016). In vivo and in vitro hydroxylation of cineole and camphor by cytochromes P450CYP101A1, CYP101B1 and N242A CYP176A1. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 128, 52-64. DOI Scopus11 WoS10
2016	Chao, R., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2016). The efficient and selective catalytic oxidation of para-substituted cinnamic acid derivatives by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP199A4. RSC Advances, 6(60), 55286-55297. DOI Scopus21 WoS20
2016	Munday, S., Dezvarei, S., & Bell, S. (2016). Increasing the activity and efficiency of stereoselective oxidations by using decoy molecules in combination with rate-enhancing variants of P450Bm3. ChemCatChem, 8(17), 2789-2796. DOI Scopus21 WoS18
2016	Hall, E., Sarkar, M., Lee, J., Munday, S., & Bell, S. (2016). Improving the monooxygenase activity and the regio- and stereoselectivity of terpenoid hydroxylation using ester directing groups. ACS Catalysis, 6(9), 6306-6317. DOI Scopus36 WoS31
2016	Chao, R., Lau, I., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2016). Modification of an enzyme biocatalyst for the efficient and selective oxidative demethylation of para-substituted benzene derivatives. ChemCatChem, 8(23), 3626-3635. DOI Scopus6 WoS5
2016	Sarkar, M. S., Hall, E. A., Dasgupta, S., & Bell, S. G. (2016). The use of directing groups enables the selective and efficient biocatalytic oxidation of unactivated adamantyl C-H bonds. Chemistry Select, 1(21), 6700-6707. DOI Scopus10 WoS10
2015	Williamson, N., Huang, D., Bell, S., & Metha, G. (2015). Guided inquiry learning in an introductory chemistry course. International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 23(6), 34-51. Scopus5
2015	Hall, E. A., & Bell, S. G. (2015). The efficient and selective biocatalytic oxidation of norisoprenoid and aromatic substrates by CYP101B1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. RSC Advances, 5(8), 5762-5773. DOI Scopus22 WoS20
2015	Zhang, A., Zhang, T., Hall, E., Hutchinson, S., Cryle, M., Wong, L., . . . Bell, S. (2015). The crystal structure of the versatile cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis. Molecular BioSystems, 11(3), 869-881. DOI Scopus20 WoS19 Europe PMC12
2015	Coleman, T., Chao, R., Bruning, J., De Voss, J., & Bell, S. (2015). CYP199A4 catalyses the efficient demethylation and demethenylation of para-substituted benzoic acid derivatives. RSC Advances, 5(64), 52007-52018. DOI Scopus30 WoS25
2015	Liang, K., Ricco, R., Doherty, C., Styles, M., Bell, S., Kirby, N., . . . Falcaro, P. (2015). Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks as protective coatings for biomacromolecules. Nature Communications, 6(1), 1-8. DOI Scopus1095 WoS956 Europe PMC231
2014	Bell, S., Spence, J., Liu, S., George, J., & Wong, L. (2014). Selective aliphatic carbon-hydrogen bond activation of protected alcohol substrates by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 12(15), 2479-2488. DOI Scopus11 WoS11 Europe PMC6
2014	Zhang, T., Zhang, A., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Zhou, W. (2014). The structure of a novel electron-transfer ferredoxin from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 which contains a histidine residue in its iron-sulfur cluster-binding motif. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, D70(5), 1453-1464. DOI Scopus9 WoS8 Europe PMC2
2013	Bell, S., Yang, W., Dale, A., Zhou, W., & Wong, L. (2013). Improving the affinity and activity of CYP101D2 for hydrophobic substrates. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97(9), 3979-3990. DOI Scopus17 WoS14 Europe PMC4
2013	Vohra, S., Musgaard, M., Bell, S., Wong, L., Zhou, W., & Biggin, P. (2013). The dynamics of camphor in the cytochrome P450 CYP101D2. Protein Science, 22(9), 1218-1229. DOI Scopus13 WoS12 Europe PMC9
2013	Bell, S., French, L., Rees, N., Cheng, S., Preston, G., & Wong, L. (2013). A phthalate family oxygenase reductase supports terpene alcohol oxidation by CYP238A1 from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 60(1), 9-17. DOI Scopus9 WoS8 Europe PMC3
2012	Bell, S., Zhou, R., Yang, W., Tan, A., Gentleman, A., Wong, L., & Zhou, W. (2012). Investigation of the substrate range of CYP199A4: modification of the partition between hydroxylation and desaturation activities by substrate and protein engineering. Chemistry-A European Journal, 18(52), 16677-16688. DOI Scopus51 WoS42 Europe PMC16
2012	Bell, S., McMillan, J., Yorke, J., Kavanagh, E., Johnson, E., & Wong, L. (2012). Tailoring an alien ferredoxin to support native-like P450 monooxygenase activity. Chemical Communications, 48(95), 11692-11694. DOI Scopus28 WoS28 Europe PMC14
2012	Bell, S., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Zhou, W., Wang, H., Harmer, J., . . . Wong, L. (2012). Structure and function of CYP108D1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444: an aromatic hydrocarbon-binding P450 enzyme. Acta Crystallographica Section D-Biological Crystallography, 68(3), 277-291. DOI Scopus29 WoS24 Europe PMC10
2012	Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2012). P450BM3 (CYP102A1): connecting the dots. Chemical Society Reviews, 41(3), 1218-1260. DOI Scopus544 WoS492 Europe PMC261
2012	Abdalla, J., Bowen, A., Bell, S., Wong, L., Timmel, C., & Harmer, J. (2012). Characterisation of the paramagnetic [2Fe-2S]⁺ centre in palustrisredoxin-B (PuxB) from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14(18), 6526-6537. DOI Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC5
2012	Bell, S., Yang, W., Tan, A., Zhou, R., Johnson, E., Zhang, A., . . . Wong, L. (2012). The crystal structures of 4-methoxybenzoate bound CYP199A2 and CYP199A4: structural changes on substrate binding and the identification of an anion binding site. Dalton Transactions (Print Edition), 41(28), 8703-8714. DOI Scopus54 WoS40 Europe PMC19
2011	Yang, W., Bell, S., Wang, H., Zhou, W., Bartlam, M., Wong, L., & Rao, Z. (2011). The structure of CYP101D2 unveils a potential path for substrate entry into the active site. Biochemical Journal, 433(1), 85-93. DOI Scopus36 WoS34 Europe PMC21
2011	Ma, M., Bell, S., Yang, W., Hao, Y., Rees, N., Bartlam, M., . . . Rao, Z. (2011). Structural analysis of CYP101C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. ChemBioChem, 12(1), 88-99. DOI Scopus31 WoS29 Europe PMC15
2011	Whitehouse, C., Rees, N., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2011). Dearomatisation of xylene by P450BM3 (CYP102A1). Chemistry-A European Journal, 17(24), 6862-6868. DOI Scopus32 WoS30 Europe PMC9
2011	Whitehouse, C., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Tufton, H., Ogilvie, L., Bell, S., . . . Wong, L. (2011). Structure, electronic properties and catalytic behaviour of an activity-enhancing CYP102A1 (P450BM3) variant. Dalton Transactions (Print Edition), 40(40), 10383-10396. DOI Scopus41 WoS36 Europe PMC20
2011	Zhou, R., Huang, C., Zhang, A., Bell, S., Zhou, W., & Wong, L. (2011). Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray analysis of CYP153C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 67(8), 964-967. DOI Scopus8 WoS8 Europe PMC5
2011	Rowlatt, B., Yorke, J., Strong, A., Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2011). Chain length-dependent cooperativity in fatty acid binding and oxidation by cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1). Protein & Cell, 2(8), 656-671. DOI Scopus18 WoS15 Europe PMC12
2010	Bell, S., Tan, A., Johnson, E., & Wong, L. (2010). Selective oxidative demethylation of veratric acid to vanillic acid by CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2. Molecular BioSystems, 6(1), 206-214. DOI Scopus65 WoS57 Europe PMC26
2010	Bell, S., Dale, A., Rees, N., & Wong, L. (2010). A cytochrome P450 class I electron transfer system from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 86(1), 163-175. DOI Scopus70 WoS70 Europe PMC45
2010	Bell, S., Xu, F., Johnson, E., Forward, I., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2010). Protein recognition in ferredoxin-P450 electron transfer in the class I CYP199A2 system from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 15(3), 315-328. DOI Scopus57 WoS52 Europe PMC27
2010	Yang, W., Bell, S., Wang, H., Zhou, W., Hoskins, N., Dale, A., . . . Rao, Z. (2010). Molecular characterization of a class I P450 electron transfer system from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(35), 27372-27384. DOI Scopus72 WoS68 Europe PMC46
2010	Cryle, M., Bell, S., & Schlichting, I. (2010). Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 CypX (CYP134A1) from Bacillus subtilis: A Cyclo-l-leucyl-l-leucyl Dipeptide Oxidase. Biochemistry, 49(34), 7282-7296. DOI Scopus76 WoS65 Europe PMC47
2010	Whitehouse, C., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Rowlatt, B., Strong, A., Blanford, C., . . . Rao, Z. (2010). Structural basis for the properties of two single-site proline mutants of CYP102A1 (P450BM3). ChemBioChem, 11(18), 2549-2556. DOI Scopus63 WoS57 Europe PMC23
2010	Feng, X., Bell, S. G., Ying, P., Johnson, E. O. D., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Luet-Lok, W. (2010). Erratum: Crystal structure of a ferredoxin reductase for the CYP199A2 system from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Proteins: Structure, Function and Bioformatics (2009) 77 (867-880)). Proteins: Structure, Function and Bioinformatics, 78(2), 501. DOI
2009	Bell, S., & Vallee, B. (2009). The Metallothionein/Thionein System: an oxidoreductive metabolic zinc link. ChemBioChem, 10(1), 55-62. DOI Scopus187 WoS168 Europe PMC114
2009	Holland, J., Giansiracusa, J., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Dilworth, J. (2009). In vitro kinetic studies on the mechanism of oxygen-dependent cellular uptake of copper radiopharmaceuticals. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 54(7), 2103-2119. DOI Scopus32 WoS30 Europe PMC19
2009	Hong, C., Bell, S., Yang, W., Wang, H., Hao, Y., Li, X., . . . Wong, L. (2009). Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of cytochrome P450 219A1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 65(4), 364-367. DOI Scopus2 WoS1
2009	Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., Yang, W., Yorke, J., Blanford, C., Strong, A., . . . Wong, L. (2009). A highly active single-mutation variant of P450BM3 (CYP102A1). ChemBioChem, 10(10), 1654-1656. DOI Scopus68 WoS67 Europe PMC38
2009	Lovett, J., Bowen, A., Timmel, C., Jones, M., Dilworth, J., Caprotti, D., . . . Harmer, J. (2009). Structural information from orientationally selective DEER spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 11(31), 6840-6848. DOI Scopus103 WoS95 Europe PMC48
2009	Xu, F., Bell, S., Peng, Y., Johnson, E., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2009). Crystal structure of a ferredoxin reductase for the CYP199A2 system from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Proteins-Structure Function and Genetics, 77(4), 867-880. DOI Scopus37 WoS37 Europe PMC21
2008	Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., Tufton, H., Kenny, R., Ogilvie, L., & Wong, L. (2008). Evolved CYP102A1 (P450BM3) variants oxidise a range of non-natural substrates and offer new selectivity options. Chemical Communications, 28(8), 966-968. DOI Scopus100 WoS92 Europe PMC38
2008	Guo, D., Xu, F., Bell, S., Pang, X., Bartlam, M., & Wong, L. (2008). Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of CYP195A2, a P450 enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Protein and Peptide Letters, 15(4), 423-426. DOI Scopus1 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2008	Bell, S., Xu, F., Forward, I., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2008). Crystal structure of CYP199A2, a para-substituted benzoic acid oxidizing cytochrome P450 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Journal of Molecular Biology, 383(3), 561-574. DOI Scopus53 WoS49 Europe PMC30
2008	Whitehouse, C., Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2008). Desaturation of alkylbenzenes by Cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1). Chemistry-A European Journal, 14(35), 10905-10908. DOI Scopus45 WoS44 Europe PMC19
2007	Pang, X., Xu, F., Bell, S., Guo, D., Wong, L., & Rao, Z. (2007). Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of cytochrome P450 203A1 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 63(4), 342-345. DOI Scopus3 WoS2 Europe PMC1
2007	Peng, Y., Xu, F., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Rao, Z. (2007). Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a ferredoxin reductase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009. Acta Crystallographica. Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Online, 63(5), 422-425. DOI Scopus9 WoS8 Europe PMC6
2007	Bell, S., & Wong, L. (2007). P450 enzymes from the bacterium Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 360(3), 666-672. DOI Scopus59 WoS56 Europe PMC37
2007	Xu, F., Bell, S., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. (2007). Structure-activity correlations in pentachlorobenzene oxidation by engineered cytochrome P450cam. Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 20(10), 473-480. DOI Scopus31 WoS29 Europe PMC11
2007	Fleming, B., Bell, S., Wong, L., & Bond, A. (2007). The electrochemistry of a heme-containing enzyme, CYP199A2, adsorbed directly onto a pyrolytic graphite electrode. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 611(1-2), 149-154. DOI Scopus13 WoS12
2006	Bell, S. G., Hoskins, N., Xu, F., Caprotti, D., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. L. (2006). Cytochrome P450 enzymes from the metabolically diverse bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 342(1), 191-196. DOI Scopus65 WoS66 Europe PMC36
2005	Sowden, R. J., Yasmin, S., Rees, N. H., Bell, S. G., & Wong, L. L. (2005). Biotransformation of the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene by cytochrome P450<inf>cam</inf> and P450<inf>BM-3</inf>. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 3(1), 57-64. DOI Scopus150 WoS127 Europe PMC74
2005	Xu, F., Bell, S. G., Lednik, J., Insley, A., Rao, Z. H., & Wong, L. L. (2005). The heme monooxygenase cytochrome P450(cam) can be engineered to oxidize ethane to ethanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44(26), 4029-4032. DOI Scopus119 WoS99 Europe PMC39
2005	Fleming, B. D., Zhang, J., Bond, A. M., Bell, S. G., & Wong, L. L. (2005). Separation of electron-transfer and coupled chemical reaction components of biocatalytic processes using Fourier transform ac voltammetry. Analytical Chemistry, 77(11), 3502-3510. DOI Scopus48 WoS47 Europe PMC10
2003	Bell, S. G., Orton, E., Boyd, H., Stevenson, J. A., Riddle, A., Campbell, S., & Wong, L. L. (2003). Engineering cytochrome P450cam into an alkane hydroxylase. Dalton Transactions, (11), 2133-2140. DOI Scopus39 WoS39
2003	Fleming, B. D., Tian, Y., Bell, S. G., Wong, L. L., Urlacher, V., & Allen O Hill, H. (2003). Redox properties of cytochrome P450<inf>BM3</inf> measured by direct methods. European Journal of Biochemistry, 270(20), 4082-4088. DOI Scopus115 WoS101 Europe PMC38
2003	Bentley, E. A., Astier, Y., Ji, W. M., Bell, S. G., Wong, L. L., & Hill, H. A. O. (2003). The electrochemistry and scanning tunnelling microscopy of the flavoprotein putidaredoxin reductase on alkanethiol-modified gold. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 356, 343-348. DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2003	Bell, S. G., Chen, X., Xu, F., Rao, Z., & Wong, L. L. (2003). Engineering substrate recognition in catalysis by cytochrome P450cam. Biochemical Society Transactions, 31(3), 558-562. DOI Scopus33 WoS28 Europe PMC13
2003	Bell, S. G., Chen, X., Sowden, R. J., Xu, F., Williams, J. N., Wong, L. L., & Rao, Z. (2003). Molecular recognition in (+)-α-pinene oxidation by cytochrome P450<inf>cam</inf>. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(3), 705-714. DOI Scopus115 WoS99 Europe PMC49
2002	Chen, X., Christopher, A., Jones, J. P., Bell, S. G., Guo, Q., Xu, F., . . . Wong, L. L. (2002). Crystal structure of the F87W/Y96F/V247L mutant of cytochrome P-450cam with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene bound and further protein engineering for the oxidation of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(40), 37519-37526. DOI Scopus68 WoS63 Europe PMC30
2002	Bell, S. G., Stevenson, J. A., Boyd, H. D., Campbell, S., Riddle, A. D., Orton, E. L., & Wong, L. L. (2002). Butane and propane oxidation by engineered cytochrome P450<inf>cam</inf>. Chemical Communications, 2(5), 490-491. DOI Scopus73 WoS64 Europe PMC18
2001	Bell, S. G., Harford-Cross, C. F., & Wong, L. L. (2001). Engineering the CYP101 system for in vivo oxidation of unnatural substrates. Protein Engineering, 14(10), 797-802. DOI Scopus76 WoS70 Europe PMC33
2001	Bell, S. G., Sowden, R. J., & Wong, L. L. (2001). Engineering the haem monooxygenase cytochrome P450<inf>cam</inf> for monoterpene oxidation. Chemical Communications, (7), 635-636. DOI Scopus60 WoS53
1997	Bell, S. G., Rouch, D. A., & Wong, L. L. (1997). Selective aliphatic and aromatic carbon-hydrogen bond activation catalysed by mutants of cytochrome p450(cam). Journal of Molecular Catalysis - B Enzymatic, 3(6), 293-302. DOI Scopus25 WoS21
1996	England, P. A., Rouch, D. A., Westlake, A. C. G., Bell, S. G., Nickerson, D. P., Webberley, M., . . . Wong, L. L. (1996). Aliphatic vs. aromatic C-H bond activation of phenylcyclohexane catalysed by cytochrome P450cam. Chemical Communications, (3), 357-358. DOI Scopus30 WoS20

Book Chapters

Year	Citation
2017	Harbort, J. S., De Voss, J. J., Stok, J. E., Bell, S. G., & Harmer, J. R. (2017). CW and Pulse EPR of Cytochrome P450 to Determine Structure and Function. In L. Berliner, & G. Hanson (Eds.), Future Directions in Metalloprotein and Metalloenzyme Research (Vol. 13, pp. 103-142). Switzerland: Springer. DOI
2007	Urlacher, V., Bell, S., & Wong, L. L. (2007). The bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: P450cam and P450BM-3. In R. D. Schmid, & V. B. Urlacher (Eds.), Modern Biooxidation: Enzymes, Reactions and Applications (pp. 99-122). Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley. DOI Scopus14
2007	Bell, S., Hoskins, N., Whitehouse, C., & Wong, L. (2007). Design and engineering of cytochrome P450 systems. In A. Sigel, H. Sigel, & R. Sigel (Eds.), The Ubiquitous Roles of Cytochrome P450 Proteins: Metal Ions in Life Sciences (Volume 3) (Vol. 3, pp. 437-476). West Sussex, England: Wiley. DOI Scopus28
2005	Wong, L., & Bell, S. G. (2005). Iron: Heme Proteins, Mono‐ & DioxygenasesBased in part on the article Iron: Heme Proteins, Mono‐ & Dioxygenases by Masanori Sono & John H. Dawson which appeared in the<i>Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition</i>.. Wiley. DOI

Conference Papers

Year	Citation
2017	Wong, S. H., Bell, S. G., & De Voss, J. J. (2017). P450 catalysed dehydrogenation. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (ICPOC-23 2016) as published in Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 89 (pp. 841-852). Germany: Walter de Gruyter. DOI Scopus16 WoS11
2010	Wong, L. L., Whitehouse, C. J. C., Yang, W., Yorke, J. A., Blanford, C. F., Bell, S. G., . . . Rao, Z. (2010). Engineering P450s by Rational Design. In DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS Vol. 42 (pp. 20). Istanbul, TURKEY: INFORMA HEALTHCARE.

Conference Items

Year	Citation
2015	Williamson, N. M., Huang, D. M., Bell, S. G., & Metha, G. F. (2015). Guided Inquiry Learning in an Introductory Chemistry Course. Poster session presented at the meeting of International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem). Honolulu, USA.
2012	Williamson, N. M., Metha, G. F., Huang, D. M., & Bell, S. G. (2012). Development of POGIL-Style Organic Chemistry Activities. Poster session presented at the meeting of Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education. Sydney.

Patents

Year Citation
2009 Wong, L., Bell, S., & Whitehouse, C. (2009). Mutant Enzymes. Great Britan.

Year	Citation
2009	Wong, L., Bell, S., & Whitehouse, C. (2009). Mutant Enzymes. Great Britan.

Preprint

Year	Citation
2024	Harlington, A. C., Das, T., Shearwin, K. E., Bell, S. G., & Whelan, F. (2024). The S-lignin<i>O</i>-demethylase SyoA: Structural insights into a new class of heme peroxygenase enzymes. DOI
2023	Akter, J., Hayball, E., & Bell, S. (2023). Efficient regio- and stereo-selective C-H bond hydroxylation of steroids using an engineered heme-thiolate peroxygenase biocatalyst. DOI
2023	Lee, J., Bruning, J., & Bell, S. (2023). In Crystallo Reactions with an Engineered Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase. DOI

Grants and Funding

The Australian Research Council are currently funding our research into P450 mechanism through Discovery Project Grants and a Future Fellowship

We have grants to understand

1) the role of cholesterol metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an effort to inhibit this pathogenic bacterium which cause tuberculosis.

2) the isolation of new thermostable biocatalyst and methods to apply these (immoblisation) for synthetic applications.

3) the design of inhibitors for steroid oxidising P450 enzymes in humans which play a role in prostate cancer.

Teaching

I have taught a broad range of courses across all Levels of Chemistry with a focus on Inorganic Chemistry.

Chem III Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms and Organometallic Chemistry - with a focus on the reaction kinetics of ligand exchange in metal complexes and how this can be applied to design of metal complexes which can be used in biology and medicine.

Medicinal and Biological Chemistry III - Electron transfer - focus on electron transfer in Chemistry and Biology. Understanding the mechanism, significance and roles of electron transfer in metal-ligand complexes and biological systems. How biological systems have been optimised to regulate electron transfer processes which are critical to life.

I also teach a range of first year courses - Transition metal chemistry, Kinetics and Electrochemistry.

Current Higher Degree by Research Supervision (University of Adelaide)

Date	Role	Research Topic	Program	Degree Type	Student Load	Student Name
2024	Principal Supervisor	Characterization of peroxygenase activity in CYP154 enzymes from the thermophilic bacterium Thermobifida fusca	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Ms Oghenesivwe Osiebe
2024	Principal Supervisor	Exploration and Exploitation of Novel Thermally Adapted Cytochromes P450 and their Biotechnological Uses	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Mr Delroy Sheng Yu Huang
2023	Principal Supervisor	Engineering CYP17A1 inhibitors for castrate-resistant prostate cancer	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Mr Nikita Yevstigneyev
2023	Principal Supervisor	Characterization and Structural Study of Cytochrome P450 enzymes from thermophilic bacteria	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Mr Tuhin Das
2023	Co-Supervisor	Naphtalimide Scaffolds for Optical+XRF multimodal Probes	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Mr Terry Koh
2023	Co-Supervisor	The Controlled Release of Therapeutic Agents Utilising Nucleic Acid Analogs	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Mr Liam Matthew Carson
2022	Principal Supervisor	Combining machine-learning and rational design for engineering heme enzyme biocatalysts and biosensors.	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Miss Alecia Rachel Gee
2022	Principal Supervisor	Synthesis of inhibitors for steroid metabolising enzymes	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Miss Eva Hayball

Past Higher Degree by Research Supervision (University of Adelaide)

Date	Role	Research Topic	Program	Degree Type	Student Load	Student Name
2020 - 2024	Principal Supervisor	The Application of Peroxygenase P450 Enzymes as Selective Oxidation Catalysts	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Ms Jinia Akter
2020 - 2024	Principal Supervisor	Evolution and inhibition of cholesterol catabolising P450 enzymes in pathogenic mycobacteria	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Mr Daniel Zocchi Doherty
2019 - 2023	Principal Supervisor	Protein and Reaction Engineering of P450 Enzymes for Selective Oxidations	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Dr Joel Hoong Zhang Lee
2019 - 2023	Principal Supervisor	Understanding cytochrome P450 cholesterol metabolism in bacteria	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Dr Amna Jamal Saad Mohamed Ghith
2018 - 2020	Principal Supervisor	Exploring the Monooxygenase Activity and Selectivity of Two Related Cytochrome P450 Enzymes	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Mr Saurabh Kumar Ahirwar
2018 - 2023	Principal Supervisor	Structural and Functional Investigations of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from Mycobacterium Species	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Miss Hebatalla Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed
2017 - 2020	Principal Supervisor	Investigation of the Mechanism of Multiple Cytochrome P450-catalysed Reactions	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Mr Matthew Podgorski
2016 - 2018	Principal Supervisor	Harnessing P450 Enzymes as Biocatalysts for Selective C-H Bond Hydroxylation	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Dr Joel Hoong Zhang Lee
2016 - 2020	Principal Supervisor	Enzyme Immobilisation using Porous Frameworks	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Dr Natasha Kate Maddigan
2015 - 2019	Principal Supervisor	Strategies to improve the efficiency of oxidation reactions of the enzyme Cytochrome P450Bm3	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Ms Shaghayegh Dezvarei
2015 - 2019	Principal Supervisor	Application of the Monooxygenase Enzymes CYP101B1 and CYP101C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans for Selective and Efficient Functionalisation of Inert C-H Bonds	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Mr Md Raihan Sarkar
2015 - 2017	Co-Supervisor	Isolation of New P450s and the Modification of Existing P450s for Biocatalysis	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Mr Ian Cheuk-Kei Lau
2014 - 2016	Co-Supervisor	Investigations and Applications of Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Mr Samuel Munday
2014 - 2018	Principal Supervisor	Deciphering Electron Transfer and Cytochrome P450 Activity in Mycobacterium marinum	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Ms Stella Agnes Child
2014 - 2018	Principal Supervisor	Utilising CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 for investigation of the mechanism of cytochrome P450-catalysed oxidations	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Tom Coleman
2014 - 2016	Co-Supervisor	Utilising CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas Palustris HaA2 for Biocatalysis and Mechanistic Studies	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Miss Rebecca Chao
2013 - 2015	Co-Supervisor	The Efficient and Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Terpenoids and Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the P450 Monooxygenase CYP101B1	Master of Philosophy	Master	Full Time	Emma Ashleigh Hall

Committee Memberships

Date Role Committee Institution Country
2013 - ongoing Member Steering committee of the Adelaide Integrated Bioscience Laboratories - Australia
Editorial Boards

Date Role Editorial Board Name Institution Country
2016 - ongoing Member Scientific Reports - -

Date	Role	Committee	Institution	Country
2013 - ongoing	Member	Steering committee of the Adelaide Integrated Bioscience Laboratories	-	Australia

Date	Role	Editorial Board Name	Institution	Country
2016 - ongoing	Member	Scientific Reports	-	-

Position: Associate Professor/Reader
Phone: 83134822
Email: stephen.bell@adelaide.edu.au
Fax: 83134380
Campus: North Terrace
Building: Badger, floor G
Org Unit: Chemistry

Associate Professor Stephen Bell

The isolation and study of cytochrome P450 enzymes for biocatalysis and medicinal chemistry

Appointments

Awards and Achievements

Education

Research Interests

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Book Chapters

Conference Papers

Conference Items

Patents

Preprint

Grants and Funding

Teaching

Current Higher Degree by Research Supervision (University of Adelaide)

Past Higher Degree by Research Supervision (University of Adelaide)

Committee Memberships

Editorial Boards

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