Dr Azhar Iqbal

Senior Lecturer

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology

ORCID: 0000-0002-5221-9384.
My research explores a) intriguing and counter-intuitive aspects of quantum superposition and quantum entanglement using mathematical tools and solution-concepts of game theory b) game theoretical and mathematical modelling, and c) topics in applied mathematics and theoretical physics.

My Research
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My research interests include a) quantum games, b) game theory, c) applications of geometric algebra, and d) mathematical modelling.

a) Quantum games: The research area of quantum games extends game theory towards the quantum domain and studies strategic interaction among rational agents sharing resources of quantum superposition and entanglement. A quantum game can be considered as strategic maneuvering of a quantum system by agents, considered as players, and usually it involves local unitary transformations and quantum measurement. Each player’ payoff, or utility, depends on the strategic choices of all players and is obtained from outcomes of measurements performed on the quantum system. In 1999 Meyer observed (1,2,3) that the quantum algorithm for an oracle problem can be understood as a quantum strategy for a player in a two-player zero-sum game in which the other player plays classically. Eisert, Wilkens, and Lewenstein (4,5) then developed a quantized version of the well-known game of Prisoners' Dilemma. The possibility to view quantum algorithms as games between quantum and classical players added game theory to the set of mathematical tools being used in present efforts to extend the list of quantum algorithms. Our contributions in this research area include:

Evolutionary stability in the quantum regime: Introduced in the 1970s by mathematical biologists, the game-theoretical notion of an Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) (6,7) models an evolving population under evolutionary pressures. It is a refinement notion on the set of symmetric Nash equilibria and is the central stability solution concept of evolutionary game theory. Our work (8,9,10,11,12,13) determined how an ESS becomes susceptible when the interactions among agents (players) of a population, under evolutionary pressures, become quantum-mechanical. This showed that, in a quantized version of a game, the presence of quantum entanglement can result in not only the emergence of new and novel Nash equilibria but quantum entanglement can also decide the fate of a refinement notion of the Nash equilibrium concept. A review of this work appeared in the book chapter 14.
Entanglement determining the game-theoretic outcomes: We studied fate of some well-known game-theoretic solution-concepts in a quantum game, including, “Social Optimality” (15), “Value of Coalition” (16), “Backwards-induction outcome” (17) and “Sub-game Perfect Outcome” (18).
Introducing Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) setting for quantum games: To identify the truly quantum content of quantum games, we developed an EPR setting for enacting quantum games (19,20).
Quantum games from non-factorizable joint probabilities: We developed a new approach in constructing quantum games from the concept of non-factorizable joint probabilities (21).
Quantum games from Bell’s inequalities: We developed a new approach to constructing quantum games directly from a system of Bell's inequalities (22).
Quantum games on networks: We presented a study of quantum games that are played on networks (23).
Bayesian quantum games: Bayesian games have more complex underlying probabilities structure and offer a richer environment to study the role of quantum probabilities in quantum games. We presented the first investigation of quantum Bayesian games in 24 and a follow-up paper is 25.
Concept combinations using quantum games: Our work in 26 uses quantum games to gain an improved understanding and description of concept combinations in human cognition.
Quantum games when strategies are directional choices: In our recent work in 40, we developed an approach to quantum games in which each player's quantum strategy is implemented by using a directional choice.

b) Game theory: Our work in (classical) game theory include:

Developing an extension of the well-known Selten's game model of ransom kidnapping (27);
Applications of game theory in network/cybersecurity as presented in the review article 40.

c) Applications of geometric algebra: Geometric Algebra (GA) combines the algebraic structure of Clifford’s algebra with an explicit geometric meaning. It is a coherent mathematical language that augments the powerful geometric intuition with the precision of an algebraic system. Our work on the applications of GA include:

Study of Meyer’s quantum penny-flip game using GA (28);
Developing a GA-based analysis of the two-player (29) and the three-player quantum games in an EPR-type setup (30);
Study of special relativity using the mathematical formalism of GA (31);
Investigation of N-player quantum games in an EPR setting (32);
Development of an improved formalism for quantum computation based on GA and applying it to Grover's search algorithm (33);
Exploration of the benefits of the GA formalism for engineers (34);
Study of the functions of multivector variables in GA (35); and
Study of time as a geometric property of the GA-based conception of space (36).

d) Mathematical modelling: Mathematical modelling uses mathematical concepts and language in the description of a system. Our work in mathematical modelling include:

Work on memristive devices and its applications to circuits and systems simulation is reported in 37, 38, and 39. Memristor, a portmanteau of “memory” and “resistor”, and is a type of passive circuit element that maintains a relationship between the time integrals of current and voltage across a two-terminal element.
Work on mathematical modelling of COVID-19 outbreak in Bahrain (41, 42).

For my author IDs and research impact indicators, please refer to these links:

Appointments

Date	Position	Institution name
2022 - ongoing	Senior Lecturer	University of Adelaide
2022 - ongoing	Founder	Quantum Interactive Decisions
2020 - 2022	Associate Professor	University of Bahrain
2019 - ongoing	Senior Associate Game Theory	Sage International Australia
2019 - ongoing	Founder	Interactive Decisions
2013 - 2022	Adjunct Senior Lecturer	University of Adelaide
2013 - 2015	Assistant Professor	King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
2012 - 2012	Senior Research Associate (ARC grant-funded, Level B)	University of Adelaide
2007 - 2011	Australian Research Council's (ARC) Postdoctoral Research Fellow (Level A)	University of Adelaide
2006 - 2007	Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Research Fellow and Visiting Associate Professor	Kochi University of Technology

Language Competencies

Language Competency

English Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review

Urdu Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review

Language	Competency
English	Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review
Urdu	Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review

Education

Date	Institution name	Country	Title
2002 - 2006	University of Hull	United Kingdom	PhD in Applied Mathematics
2002 - 2006	University of Hull	United Kingdom	Postgraduate Certificate in Research Training
1992 - 1995	University of Sheffield	United Kingdom	BSc (Honours)

Research Interests

Applied Mathematics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mathematical Physics Optoelectronics & Photonics Quantum Information, Computation and Communication Quantum Physics

Journals

Year	Citation
2022	Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2022). Two-player quantum games: When player strategies are via directional choices. Quantum Information Processing, 21(6), 26 pages. DOI
2021	AlSayegh, M. A. K., & Iqbal, A. (2021). The impact of the precautionary measures taken in the kingdom of Bahrain to contain the outbreak of COVID-19. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 28(1), 195-203. DOI Scopus2
2019	Iqbal, A., Gunn, L. J., Guo, M., Babar, M., & Abbott, D. (2019). Game theoretical modelling of network/cybersecurity. IEEE Access, 7, 154167-154179. DOI Scopus6 WoS6
2018	Iqbal, A., Chappell, J., & Abbott, D. (2018). The equivalence of Bell's inequality and the Nash inequality in a quantum game-theoretic setting. Physics Letters A, 382(40), 2908-2913. DOI Scopus5 WoS5
2018	Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2018). A game theoretical perspective on the quantum probabilities associated with a GHZ state. Quantum Information Processing, 17(11), 313-1-313-13. DOI Scopus3 WoS3
2017	Iqbal, A., Masson, V., & Abbott, D. (2017). Kidnapping model: an extension of Selten’s game. Royal Society Open Science, 4(12), 171484-1-171484-10. DOI Scopus2 WoS3
2016	Zhou, S., Valchev, D. G., Dinovitser, A., Chappell, J. M., Iqbal, A., Ng, B. W. -H., . . . Abbott, D. (2016). Terahertz signal classification based on geometric algebra. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 6(6), 793-802. DOI Scopus11 WoS9
2016	Chappell, J. M., Hartnett, J. G., Iannella, N., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2016). Time as a geometric property of space. Frontiers in Physics, 4(NOV), 44. DOI Scopus1 WoS2
2016	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., Hartnett, J., & Abbott, D. (2016). The vector algebra war: a historical perspective. IEEE Access, 4, 1997-2004. DOI Scopus12 WoS11
2016	Iqbal, A., Chappell, J., & Abbott, D. (2016). On the equivalence between non-factorizable mixed-strategy classical games and quantum games. Royal Society Open Science, 3(1), 1-11. DOI Scopus13 WoS13 Europe PMC3
2015	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., Gunn, L., & Abbott, D. (2015). Functions of multivector variables. PLoS One, 10(3), e0116943-1-e0116943-21. DOI Scopus9 WoS17
2015	Iqbal, A., Chappell, J., & Abbott, D. (2015). Social optimality in quantum Bayesian games. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 436, 798-805. DOI Scopus19 WoS17
2014	Chappell, J. M., Drake, S. P., Seidel, C. L., Gunn, L. J., Iqbal, A., Allison, A., & Abbott, D. (2014). Geometric algebra for electrical and electronic engineers. Proceedings of the IEEE, 102(9), 1340-1363. DOI Scopus31 WoS34
2014	Iqbal, A., Chappell, J. M., Li, Q., Pearce, C. E. M., & Abbott, D. (2014). A probabilistic approach to quantum Bayesian games of incomplete information. Quantum Information Processing, 13(2), 2783-2800. DOI Scopus20 WoS19
2013	Li, Q., Chen, M., Perc, M., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2013). Effects of adaptive degrees of trust on coevolution of quantum strategies on scale-free networks. Scientific Reports, 3, 1-7. DOI Scopus29 WoS26 Europe PMC7
2013	Li, Q., Iqbal, A., Perc, M., Chen, M., & Abbott, D. (2013). Coevolution of quantum and classical strategies on evolving random networks. PLoS One, 8(7), 1-10. DOI Scopus29 WoS21 Europe PMC8
2013	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., Lohe, M., Von Smekal, L., & Abbott, D. (2013). An improved formalism for quantum computation based on geometric algebra - case study: Grover's search algorithm. Quantum Information Processing, 12(4), 1719-1735. DOI Scopus4 WoS3
2012	Eshraghian, K., Kavehei, O., Cho, K. R., Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., Al-Sarawi, S., & Abbott, D. (2012). Memristive device fundamentals and modeling: applications to circuits and systems simulation. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(6), 1991-2007. DOI Scopus95 WoS86
2012	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2012). N-player quantum games in an EPR setting. PLoS One, 7(5), 1-9. DOI Scopus19 WoS16 Europe PMC3
2012	Li, Q., Iqbal, A., Chen, M., & Abbott, D. (2012). Quantum strategies win in a defector-dominated population. Physica A, 391(11), 3316-3322. DOI Scopus26 WoS25
2012	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2012). Analysis of two-player quantum games in an EPR setting using Clifford's geometric algebra. PLoS One, 7(1), e29015-1-e29015-8. DOI Scopus12 WoS11 Europe PMC4
2012	Chappell, J., Chappell, M., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2012). The gravity field of a cube. Physics International, 3(2), 50-57. DOI
2012	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., Iannella, N., & Abbott, D. (2012). Revisiting special relativity: a natural algebraic alternative to Minkowski spacetime. PLoS One, 7(12), 1-10. DOI Scopus6 WoS5 Europe PMC1
2012	Li, Q., Iqbal, A., Chen, M., & Abbott, D. (2012). Evolution of quantum strategies on a small-world network. European Physical Journal B, 85(11), 1-9. DOI Scopus5 WoS5
2012	Li, Q., Iqbal, A., Chen, M., & Abbott, D. (2012). Evolution of quantum and classical strategies on networks by group interactions. New Journal of Physics, 14(10), 1-13. DOI Scopus15 WoS13
2011	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2011). Analyzing three-player quantum games in an EPR type setup. PLoS One, 6(7), 1-11. DOI Scopus17 WoS18 Europe PMC8
2011	Chappell, J., Lohe, M., Von Smekal, L., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2011). A precise error bound for quantum phase estimation. PLoS One, 6(5), e19663-1-e19663-4. DOI Scopus4 WoS3
2010	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2010). Constructing quantum games from symmetric non-factorizable joint probabilities. Physics Letters A, 374(40), 4104-4111. DOI Scopus10 WoS11
2010	Kavehei, O., Iqbal, A., Kim, Y., Eshraghian, K., Al-Sarawi, S., & Abbott, D. (2010). The fourth element: characteristics, modelling and electromagnetic theory of the memristor. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 466(2120), 2175-2202. DOI Scopus144 WoS107
2010	Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2010). Constructing quantum games from a system of Bell's inequalities. Physics Letters A, 374(31-32), 3155-3163. DOI Scopus21 WoS20
2009	Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2009). Non-factorizable joint probabilities and evolutionarily stable strategies in the quantum prisoner's dilemma game. Physics Letters A, 373(30), 2537-2541. DOI Scopus11 WoS8
2009	Chappell, J., Iqbal, A., Lohe, M., & Von Smekal, L. (2009). An analysis of the quantum penny flip game using geometric algebra. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 78(54801), 1-4. DOI Scopus19 WoS18
2009	Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2009). Quantum matching pennies game. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 78(1), 014803-1-014803-8. DOI Scopus22 WoS19
2008	Iqbal, A., Cheon, T., & Abbott, D. (2008). Probabilistic analysis of three-player symmetric quantum games played using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm setting. Physics Letters A, 372(44), 6564-6577. DOI Scopus32 WoS30
2008	Cheon, T., & Iqbal, A. (2008). Bayesian Nash equilibria and Bell inequalities. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 77(2), 024801 (6 pages). DOI Scopus42 WoS38
2007	Iqbal, A., & Cheon, T. (2007). Constructing quantum games from nonfactorizable joint probabilities. Physical Review E. (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 76(6), 061122-1-061122-12. DOI Scopus24 WoS20
2005	Iqbal, A. (2005). Playing games with EPR-type experiments. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Print Edition), 38(43), 9551-9564. DOI Scopus15 WoS14
2004	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2004). Stability of mixed Nash equilibria in symmetric quantum game. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 42(3), 335-338. DOI Scopus14 WoS11
2004	Iqbal, A., & Weigert, S. (2004). Quantum correlation games. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Print Edition), 37(22), 5873-5885. DOI Scopus32 WoS29
2004	Iqbal, A. (2004). Quantum correlations and Nash equilibria of a bi-matrix game. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Print Edition), 37(29), L353-L359. DOI Scopus8 WoS5
2003	Iqbal, A. (2003). Quantum games with a multi-slit electron diffraction set-up. Societa Italiana di Fisica Nuovo Cimento B: General Physics, Relativity Astronomy and Mathematical Physics and Methods, 118(5), 463-468. DOI Scopus1
2002	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2002). Quantum mechanics gives stability to a Nash equilibrium. Physical Review A, 65(2), 022306-1-022306-5. DOI Scopus58 WoS50
2002	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2002). Quantum cooperative games. Physics Letters A, 293(3-4), 103-108. DOI Scopus47 WoS43
2002	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2002). Quantum repeated games. Physics Letters A, 300(6), 541-546. DOI Scopus29 WoS26
2002	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2002). Darwinism in quantum systems?. Physics Letters A, 294(5-6), 261-270. DOI Scopus21 WoS18
2002	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2002). Backwards-induction outcome in a quantum game. Physical Review A, 65(5), 052328-1-052328-8. DOI Scopus63 WoS62
2001	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. H. (2001). Evolutionarily stable strategies in quantum games. Physics Letters A, 280(5-6), 249-256. DOI Scopus97 WoS86
2001	Iqbal, A., & Toor, A. (2001). Entanglement and dynamic stability of Nash equilibria in a symmetric quantum game. Physics Letters A, 286(4), 245-250. DOI Scopus25 WoS22

Book Chapters

Year	Citation
2008	Iqbal, A., & Cheon, T. (2008). Evolutionary stability in quantum games. In D. Abbott, P. Davies, & A. Pati (Eds.), Quantum Aspects of Life (pp. 251-288). London: Imperial College Press. DOI Scopus7

Conference Papers

Year	Citation
2021	AlSayegh, M. A. K., & Iqbal, A. (2021). The impact of the vaccination and booster shots in containing the COVID-19 epidemic in Bahrain: a game theory approach. In Proceedings of the Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change (SRC 2021) (pp. 1-6). virtual online: IEEE. DOI
2016	Zhou, S. L., Valchev, D. G., Dinovitser, A., Chappell, J. M., Iqbal, A., Ng, B. W. -H., . . . Abbott, D. (2016). Dispersion-independent terahertz classification based on Geometric Algebra for substance detection. In Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz), 2016 41st International Conference on Vol. 2016-November (pp. 1-2). online: IEEE. DOI Scopus1
2010	Bruza, P., Iqbal, A., & Kitto, K. (2010). The role of non-factorizability in determining "pseudo-classical" non-separability. In AAAI Fall Symposium - Technical Report Vol. FS-10-08 (pp. 26-31). Scopus3
2010	Bruza, P., Iqbal, A., & Kitto, K. (2010). The role of non-factorizability in determining ''Pseudo-classical' non-separability. In Proceedings of Quantum Informatics 2010 (pp. 1-6). www.aaai.org: AAAI.
2009	Kavehei, O., Kim, Y. S., Iqbal, A., Eshraghian, K., Al-Sarawi, S., & Abbott, D. (2009). The fourth element: Insights into the Memristor. In Proceedings of ICCCAS 2009 (pp. 921-927). USA: IEEE. DOI Scopus24 WoS26
2008	Iqbal, A., & Cheon, T. (2008). Constructing multi-player quantum games from non-factorizable joint probabilities - art. no. 68020A. In D. Abbott, T. Aste, M. Batchelor, R. Dewar, T. DiMatteo, & T. Guttmann (Eds.), COMPLEX SYSTEMS II Vol. 6802 (pp. A8020). Canberra, AUSTRALIA: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. WoS2
2007	Iqbal, A., & Cheon, T. (2007). Constructing multi-player quantum games from non-factorizable joint probabilities. In SPIE Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology 2007 Proceedings Vol. 6802 (pp. 1-9). Sydney: SPIE. DOI Scopus8

Conference Items

Year	Citation
2017	32nd Annual Meeting and Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2017): Late-Breaking Abstracts (2017). Poster session presented at the meeting of Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. BMJ. DOI

Internet Publications

Year	Citation
2022	Iqbal, A. (2022). An Urdu translation of the Australian National Anthem.
2022	Iqbal, A. (2022). An Urdu translation of the Australian National Anthem.
2019	Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2019). Quantum strategies and evolutionary stability (in Urdu). Eqbal Ahmad Centre for Public Education: https://eacpe.org/.
2019	Iqbal, A., Hoodbhoy, P., & Abbott, D. (2019). Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? (An Urdu Translation). Eqbal Ahmad Centre for Public Education.
2016	Iqbal, A. (2016). Looking at World Events Through the Prism of Game Theory. SAGE International Australia.

Faculty of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences (ECMS) Interdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme 2016 (jointly with Prof Derek Abbott & Dr Virginie Masson) at the University of Adelaide, AU$ 30,000 (2016-2017)
Discovery Research Grant DP0771453 and Fellowship (Principal Investigator) from Australian Research Council (ARC) at University of Adelaide, AU$ 247,092 (2007-2011)
Research Grant P06330 and Fellowship (Principal Investigator) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) at Kochi University of Technology, Japanese Yen 4,958,500 (2006-2007)
Fully funded PhD Research Scholarship from the University of Hull, UK, for overseas research students (2002-2005)
Fully funded Merit Scholarship from the Government of Pakistan for studying overseas at the University of Sheffield, UK (1992-1995)

Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Bahrain (UoB):

2^nd Semester 2020-2021:

Fluid Mechanics (Level 3)
Calculus II (Level 1)
Calculus & Analytical Geometry II (Level 1)
Calculus & Analytical Geometry III (Level 2)

1^st Semester 2020-2021:

Analytical Mechanics (Level 3)
Methods of Applied Mathematics (Level 3)
Calculus II (Level 1)

2^nd Semester 2019-2020:

Calculus II (Level 1)
Maths for Business Management (Level 1)
Calculus & Analytic Geometry III (Level 2)

School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide:

Avionic Sensors & Systems Combined (Level 4), 2014 Semester 2: Guest Lecturer
Communications/Principles of Communication Systems (Combined) (Level 4), 2012 Semester 1: Guest Lecturer
Communications/Principles of Communication Systems (Combined) (Level 4), 2011 Semester 1: Guest Lecturer

Department of Mathematics & Statistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM):

Methods of Applied Mathematics (Level 3), Jan 2013 to May 2014, taught this course 4 times
Elements of Differential Equations (Level 2), Jan 2013 to May 2014, taught this course twice

School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST):

Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (Level 4), July-Nov 2006

Riphah International University (RUI):

Engineering Electromagnetics (Level 2), Sep 2000-Sep 2001

Tutoring experience

School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide:

Electronic Circuits (Level 2), 2022 Semester 1
Electronic Circuits (Level 2), 2018 Semester 1
Electronic Circuits (Level 2), 2017 Semester 1
Electronic Circuits (Level 2), 2016 Semester 1
Electronic Systems (Level 1), 2016 Semester 1

Maths Learning Centre (MLC), University of Adelaide:

Undergrad Maths courses (Various Levels), 2017 to 2019.

Memberships

Date	Role	Membership	Country
2017 - ongoing	Member	Game Theory Society	Netherlands
2017 - ongoing	Member	Australian Mathematical Society	Australia
2016 - ongoing	Member	JSPS Alumni Association of Australia	Australia
2011 - 2014	Member	Australian Institute of Physics	Australia
2006 - ongoing	Member	COSNet-Complex Open Systems Research Network	Australia
2006 - ongoing	Member	Australian Nanotechnology Network	Australia

Consulting/Advisories

Date	Institution	Department	Organisation Type	Country
2019 - ongoing	Australian Research Council (ARC)	National Competitive Grants Program	Scientific research	Australia
2019 - ongoing	Interactive Decisions	Management	Business and professional	Australia
2017 - ongoing	University of Wollongong	Exam Office/Student Services Division		Australia
2017 - ongoing	National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki - NCN)		Scientific research	Poland
2015 - ongoing	University of Sydney	Faculty of Engineering & IT		Australia

Position: Senior Lecturer
Phone: 83135589
Email: azhar.iqbal@adelaide.edu.au
Campus: North Terrace
Building: Ingkarni Wardli, floor Level Three
Org Unit: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Dr Azhar Iqbal

Appointments

Language Competencies

Education

Research Interests