Dr Anna Sheppard
Senior Lecturer
School of Biological Sciences
Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology
Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD - email supervisor to discuss availability.
Dr Anna Sheppard is a Lecturer in Bioinformatics at the University of Adelaide. Her research uses bacterial whole-genome sequencing to investigate the molecular epidemiology and transmission of bacterial pathogens both within outbreaks, as well as across geographic and ecological barriers within a One Health framework. She has a particular focus on antimicrobial resistance dissemination driven by mobile genetic elements, and she has developed novel bioinformatic methods for resistance gene tracking. Her research has been published in leading journals including the New England Journal of Medicine, Nature Microbiology, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Anna completed her PhD at the University of Adelaide in 2009, before undertaking postdoctoral training at Kiel University, Germany, and the University of Oxford, UK. She returned to the University of Adelaide as a Lecturer in the School of Biological Sciences in December 2021.
Modern medicine is heavily dependent on the availability of effective antibiotics. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens threatens to push medicine towards a ‘post-antibiotic’ era, where bacterial infections can no longer be reliably treated. Our research aims to improve understanding of bacterial genome evolution driving AMR dissemination, with the longer-term goal of using this information for designing interventions to reduce the spread of resistance.
Research in the Sheppard lab focuses particularly on ‘mobile AMR genes’ that can be transferred horizontally and confer resistance in different bacterial species. Mobility of these genes is driven by associations with different types of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including:
- Plasmids, which drive horizontal transfer between different bacteria
- Transposons, which drive intracellular mobilisation from one genomic location to another (e.g. one plasmid to another, or from a plasmid to the chromosome)
- Integrons, which can capture multiple AMR genes, generating multi-drug resistance regions
AMR genes can be contained within multiple nested MGEs, creating ‘Russian Doll-like’ hierarchies, where each MGE is capable of independent mobilisation (Fig. 1). Over time, activity of different MGEs drives AMR gene spread across different plasmids and to different host bacteria. Because many different MGEs can be involved, AMR gene spread is associated with varied, and often complex, genomic rearrangements.
Our research uses whole-genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens to investigate mobile AMR genes and their associated MGEs. We use both short-read and long-read sequencing technologies. Long-read sequencing is particularly important for determining the genetic contexts of AMR genes because many MGEs are repetitive and therefore assemble poorly using short-read data. With long-read whole-genome sequencing we can routinely assemble complete, fully closed bacterial genomes, with a single contig for the bacterial chromosome and one contig for each plasmid.
We are particularly interested in determining dissemination pathways of mobile AMR genes. This is important both for characterising short-term transmission pathways for guiding infection control, as well as broader dissemination across geographic, ecological and species barriers for guiding strategies to tackle resistance within a One Health framework. In addition, we are interested in developing approaches for AMR gene tracking in the context of AMR surveillance.
Our research aims to:
- Determine how associations with different MGEs impact AMR spread
- Determine how MGE activity impacts bacterial genome evolution
- Improve biological understanding of MGEs driving AMR gene mobility
- Inform optimal sequence-based surveillance strategies for tracking critical AMR genes
- Develop software for AMR gene tracking using whole-genome sequencing data
Student Opportunities
Postgraduate and undergraduate student opportunities are available in the Sheppard lab, and we welcome students from both biological and computational backgrounds. While some previous bioinformatics experience is preferable, it is not necessary.
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Appointments
Date Position Institution name 2023 - ongoing Senior Lecturer in Bioinformatics University of Adelaide 2021 - 2022 Lecturer in Bioinformatics University of Adelaide 2020 - 2021 Postdoctoral Researcher University of Oxford 2016 - 2018 Visiting Assistant Professor University of Virginia 2013 - 2020 Bioinformatician University of Oxford 2010 - 2012 Postdoctoral Researcher Kiel University 2005 - 2006 Research Officer University of Adelaide -
Education
Date Institution name Country Title 2006 - 2009 University of Adelaide Australia PhD 2001 - 2004 University of Adelaide Australia Bachelor of Science (Honours) -
Research Interests
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Journals
Year Citation 2024 Bouras, G., Houtak, G., Wick, R. R., Mallawaarachchi, V., Roach, M. J., Papudeshi, B., . . . Vreugde, S. (2024). Hybracter: enabling scalable, automated, complete and accurate bacterial genome assemblies. Microbial Genomics, 10(5), 001244-1-001244-15.
Scopus2 Europe PMC42023 Davies, T. J., Swann, J., Sheppard, A. E., Pickford, H., Lipworth, S., Abuoun, M., . . . Stoesser, N. (2023). Discordance between different bioinformatic methods for identifying resistance genes from short-read genomic data, with a focus on Escherichia coli. Microbial Genomics, 9(12), 11 pages.
Europe PMC12023 Bouras, G., Sheppard, A. E., Mallawaarachchi, V., & Vreugde, S. (2023). Plassembler: an automated bacterial plasmid assembly tool. Bioinformatics, 39(7), 6 pages.
Scopus9 Europe PMC92021 Matlock, W., Chau, K. K., AbuOun, M., Stubberfield, E., Barker, L., Kavanagh, J., . . . Woodford, N. (2021). Genomic network analysis of environmental and livestock F-type plasmid populations. The ISME Journal, 15(8), 2322-2335.
Scopus19 Europe PMC152021 AbuOun, M., Jones, H., Stubberfield, E., Gilson, D., Shaw, L. P., Hubbard, A. T. M., . . . Anjum, M. F. (2021). A genomic epidemiological study shows that prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales is associated with the livestock host, as well as antimicrobial usage. Microbial Genomics, 7(10).
2021 Shaw, L. P., Chau, K. K., Kavanagh, J., AbuOun, M., Stubberfield, E., Gweon, H. S., . . . Sheppard, A. (2021). Niche and local geography shape the pangenome of wastewater- and livestock-associated Enterobacteriaceae. Science Advances, 7(15).
2020 Mathers, A. J., Vegesana, K., German-Mesner, I., Ainsworth, J., Pannone, A., Crook, D. W., . . . Eyre, D. W. (2020). Risk factors for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) gene acquisition and clinical outcomes across multiple bacterial species. Journal of Hospital Infection, 104(4), 456-468.
Scopus23 Europe PMC122020 Davies, T. J., Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Abuoun, M., Fowler, P., Swann, J., . . . Walker, A. S. (2020). Reconciling the Potentially Irreconcilable? Genotypic and Phenotypic Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 64(6), 1-16.
Scopus31 Europe PMC222020 David, S., Cohen, V., Reuter, S., Sheppard, A. E., Giani, T., Parkhill, J., . . . Aanensen, D. M. (2020). Integrated chromosomal and plasmid sequence analyses reveal diverse modes of carbapenemase gene spread among Klebsiella pneumoniae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(40), 25043-25054.
Scopus90 Europe PMC742019 Gweon, H. S., Shaw, L. P., Swann, J., De Maio, N., AbuOun, M., Niehus, R., . . . Stoesser, N. (2019). The impact of sequencing depth on the inferred taxonomic composition and AMR gene content of metagenomic samples. Environmental Microbiome, 14(1).
Scopus562019 Elliott, Z. S., Barry, K. E., Cox, H. L., Stoesser, N., Carroll, J., Vegesana, K., . . . Mathers, A. J. (2019). The Role of fosA in Challenges with Fosfomycin Susceptibility Testing of Multispecies Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Clinical Isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 57(10), 1-8.
Scopus26 WoS20 Europe PMC192019 De Maio, N., Shaw, L. P., Hubbard, A., George, S., Sanderson, N. D., Swann, J., . . . Woodford, N. (2019). Comparison of long-read sequencing technologies in the hybrid assembly of complex bacterial genomes. MICROBIAL GENOMICS, 5(9), 12 pages.
Scopus148 WoS113 Europe PMC1262019 Rooney, C. M., Sheppard, A. E., Clark, E., Davies, K., Hubbard, A. T. M., Sebra, R., . . . Chilton, C. H. (2019). Dissemination of multiple carbapenem resistance genes in an in vitro gut model simulating the human colon. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 74(7), 1876-1883.
Scopus19 WoS17 Europe PMC102019 Mathers, A. J., Crook, D., Vaughan, A., Barry, K. E., Vegesana, K., Stoesser, N., . . . Sheppard, A. E. (2019). Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Provides a Window into Carbapenemase Gene Transfer, Plasmid Rearrangements, and Patient Interactions with the Hospital Environment. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 63(6), 1-12.
Scopus44 WoS36 Europe PMC292019 Barry, K. E., Wailan, A. M., Sheppard, A. E., Crook, D., Vegesana, K., Stoesser, N., . . . Mathers, A. J. (2019). Don't overlook the little guy: An evaluation of the frequency of small plasmids co-conjugating with larger carbapenemase gene containing plasmids. Plasmid, 103, 1-8.
Scopus28 WoS24 Europe PMC222019 van Aartsen, J. J., Moore, C. E., Parry, C. M., Turner, P., Phot, N., Mao, S., . . . Stoesser, N. (2019). Epidemiology of paediatric gastrointestinal colonisation by extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in north-west Cambodia. BMC Microbiology, 19(1), 1-14.
Scopus15 WoS11 Europe PMC122018 Sheppard, A. E., Stoesser, N., German-Mesner, I., Vegesana, K., Walker, A. S., Crook, D. W., & Mathers, A. J. (2018). TETyper: a bioinformatic pipeline for classifying variation and genetic contexts of transposable elements from short-read whole-genome sequencing data. Microbial Genomics, 4(12), 1-9.
Scopus29 WoS21 Europe PMC212018 Eyre, D. W., Sheppard, A. E., Madder, H., Moir, I., Moroney, R., Quan, T. P., . . . Jeffery, K. J. M. (2018). A Candida auris Outbreak and Its Control in an Intensive Care Setting. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 379(14), 1322-1331.
Scopus338 WoS258 Europe PMC2062018 Barkham, T., Sheppard, A., Jones, N., & Chen, S. L. (2018). Streptococcus agalactiae that caused meningitis in healthy adults in 1998 are ST283, the same type that caused a food-borne outbreak of invasive sepsis in 2015: an observational molecular epidemiology study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24(8), 923-925.
Scopus6 WoS5 Europe PMC32018 George, S., Pankhurst, L., Hubbard, A., Votintseva, A., Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., . . . Phan, H. T. T. (2018). Resolving plasmid structures in Enterobacteriaceae using the MinION nanopore sequencer: assessment of MinION and MinION/Illumina hybrid data assembly approaches (vol 3, 2017). MICROBIAL GENOMICS, 4(3), 1 page.
Scopus1 WoS12018 Zhong, L. -L., Phan, H. T. T., Shen, C., Vihta, K. -D., Sheppard, A. E., Huang, X., . . . Tian, G. -B. (2018). High Rates of Human Fecal Carriage of mcr-1-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Emerge in China in Association With Successful Plasmid Families. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 66(5), 676-685.
Scopus58 WoS48 Europe PMC422017 Hollensteiner, J., Poehlein, A., Sproeer, C., Bunk, B., Sheppard, A. E., Rosentstiel, P., . . . Liesegang, H. (2017). Complete Genome sequence of the nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis MYBT18246. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 12(1), 1-10.
Scopus8 WoS7 Europe PMC32017 Hollensteiner, J., Poehlein, A., Sproeer, C., Bunk, B., Sheppard, A. E., Rosenstiel, P., . . . Liesegang, H. (2017). Complete genome sequence of the nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis MYBT18247. JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 260, 48-52.
Scopus9 WoS9 Europe PMC52017 Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Peirano, G., Anson, L. W., Pankhurst, L., Sebra, R., . . . Pitout, J. D. (2017). Genomic epidemiology of global Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Escherichia coli. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 7(1), 11 pages.
Scopus85 WoS85 Europe PMC602017 Orlek, A., Phan, H., Sheppard, A. E., Doumith, M., Ellington, M., Peto, T., . . . Stoesser, N. (2017). A curated dataset of complete Enterobacteriaceae plasmids compiled from the NCBI nucleotide database. Data in Brief, 12, 423-426.
Scopus30 WoS27 Europe PMC222017 Cheruvanky, A., Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Crook, D. W., Hoffman, P. S., Weddle, E., . . . Mathers, A. J. (2017). Enhanced Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Expression from a Novel Tn4401 Deletion. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 61(6), 10 pages.
Scopus43 WoS39 Europe PMC332017 Orlek, A., Phan, H., Sheppard, A. E., Doumith, M., Ellington, M., Peto, T., . . . Stoesser, N. (2017). Ordering the mob: Insights into replicon and MOB typing schemes from analysis of a curated dataset of publicly available plasmids. Plasmid, 91, 42-52.
Scopus57 WoS45 Europe PMC442017 Mathers, A. J., Stoesser, N., Chai, W., Carroll, J., Barry, K., Cherunvanky, A., . . . Sheppard, A. E. (2017). Chromosomal Integration of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Gene, bla(KPC), in Klebsiella Species Is Elusive but Not Rare. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 61(3), 1-12.
Scopus40 WoS37 Europe PMC292017 Orlek, A., Stoesser, N., Anjum, M. F., Doumith, M., Ellington, M. J., Peto, T., . . . Sheppard, A. E. (2017). Plasmid Classification in an Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing: Application in Studies of Antibiotic Resistance Epidemiology. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, 8(FEB), 10 pages.
Scopus136 WoS112 Europe PMC862017 George, S., Pankhurst, L., Hubbard, A., Votintseva, A., Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., . . . Phan, H. T. T. (2017). Resolving plasmid structures in Enterobacteriaceae using the MinION nanopore sequencer: assessment of MinION and MinION/Illumina hybrid data assembly approaches. MICROBIAL GENOMICS, 3(8), 8 pages.
Scopus64 WoS55 Europe PMC482017 Young, B. C., Wu, C. -H., Gordon, N. C., Cole, K., Price, J. R., Liu, E., . . . Wilson, D. J. (2017). Severe infections emerge from commensal bacteria by adaptive evolution. ELIFE, 6, 25 pages.
Scopus71 WoS60 Europe PMC512016 Seale, A. C., Koech, A. C., Sheppard, A. E., Barsosio, H. C., Langat, J., Anyango, E., . . . Berkley, J. A. (2016). Maternal colonization with Streptococcus agalactiae and associated stillbirth and neonatal disease in coastal Kenya. NATURE MICROBIOLOGY, 1(7), 10 pages.
Scopus83 WoS71 Europe PMC682016 Sheppard, A. E., Stoesser, N., Wilson, D. J., Sebra, R., Kasarskis, A., Anson, L. W., . . . Mathers, A. J. (2016). Nested Russian Doll-Like Genetic Mobility Drives Rapid Dissemination of the Carbapenem Resistance Gene bla(KPC). ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 60(6), 3767-3778.
Scopus201 WoS181 Europe PMC1642016 Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Pankhurst, L., De Maio, N., Moore, C. E., Sebra, R., . . . Crook, D. W. (2016). Evolutionary History of the Global Emergence of the Escherichia coli Epidemic Clone ST131. MBIO, 7(2), 15 pages.
Scopus248 WoS218 Europe PMC2052016 Sheppard, A. E., Vaughan, A., Jones, N., Turner, P., Turner, C., Efstratiou, A., . . . Seale, A. C. (2016). Capsular Typing Method for Streptococcus agalactiae Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 54(5), 1388-1390.
Scopus29 WoS23 Europe PMC232016 Senn, L., Clerc, O., Zanetti, G., Basset, P., Prod'hom, G., Gordon, N. C., . . . Blanc, D. S. (2016). The Stealthy Superbug: the Role of Asymptomatic Enteric Carriage in Maintaining a Long-Term Hospital Outbreak of ST228 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MBIO, 7(1), 9 pages.
Scopus72 WoS63 Europe PMC562016 Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Peirano, G., Sebra, R., Lynch, T., Anson, L., . . . Pitout, J. D. (2016). Complete Sequencing of Plasmids Containing bla(OXA-163) and bla(OXA-48) in Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 60(11), 6948-6951.
Scopus14 WoS15 Europe PMC92016 Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Peirano, G., Sebra, R. P., Lynch, T., Anson, L. W., . . . Pitout, J. D. (2016). First Report of bla(IMP-14) on a Plasmid Harboring Multiple Drug Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 60(8), 5068-5071.
Scopus15 WoS14 Europe PMC92016 Hardiman, C. A., Weingarten, R. A., Conlan, S., Khil, P., Dekker, J. P., Mathers, A. J., . . . Frank, K. M. (2016). Horizontal transfer of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids and comparison with hospital epidemiology data. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 60(8), 4910-4919.
Scopus61 WoS50 Europe PMC442016 Sheppard, A. E., Stoesser, N., Sebra, R., Kasarskis, A., Deikus, G., Anson, L., . . . Mathers, A. J. (2016). Complete Genome Sequence of KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain CAV1193.. Genome announcements, 4(1), 2 pages.
Scopus16 WoS12 Europe PMC112016 Sheppard, A. E., Nakad, R., Saebelfeld, M., Masche, A. C., Dierking, K., & Schulenburg, H. (2016). High instability of a nematicidal Cry toxin plasmid in Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 133, 34-40.
Scopus4 WoS4 Europe PMC32015 Masri, L., Branca, A., Sheppard, A. E., Papkou, A., Laehnemann, D., Guenther, P. S., . . . Schulenburg, H. (2015). Host–pathogen coevolution: The selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes. PLoS Biology, 13(6), 1-30.
Scopus62 WoS58 Europe PMC512015 Mathers, A. J., Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Pankhurst, L., Giess, A., Yeh, A. J., . . . Sifri, C. D. (2015). Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae at a single institution: Insights into endemicity from Whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 59(3), 1656-1663.
Scopus115 WoS106 Europe PMC902015 Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Moore, C. E., Golubchik, T., Parry, C. M., Nget, P., . . . Walker, A. S. (2015). Extensive within-host diversity in fecally carried extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli Isolates: Implications for transmission analyses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 53(7), 2122-2131.
Scopus61 WoS56 Europe PMC512014 Stoesser, N., Giess, A., Batty, E. M., Sheppard, A. E., Walker, A. S., Wilson, D. J., . . . Joshi, S. (2014). Genome sequencing of an extended series of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from neonatal infections in a Nepali hospital characterizes the extent of community- Versus hospital- associated transmission in an endemic setting. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(12), 7347-7357.
Scopus105 WoS98 Europe PMC872014 Stoesser, N., Sheppard, A. E., Shakya, M., Sthapit, B., Thorson, S., Giess, A., . . . Crook, D. W. (2014). Dynamics of MDR Enterobacter cloacae outbreaks in a neonatal unit in Nepal: Insights using wider sampling frames and next-generation sequencing. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70(4), 1008-1015.
Scopus45 WoS41 Europe PMC292013 Sheppard, A. E., Poehlein, A., Rosenstiel, P., Liesegang, H., & Schulenburg, H. (2013). Complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 Cry-. Genome Announcements, 1(1), 2 pages.
Scopus37 WoS15 Europe PMC262011 Sheppard, A., Madesis, P., Lloyd, A., Day, A., Ayliffe, M., & Timmis, J. (2011). Introducing an RNA editing requirement into a plastid-localised transgene reduces but does not eliminate functional gene transfer to the nucleus. Plant Molecular Biology, 76(3-5), 299-309.
Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC92009 Sheppard, A., & Timmis, J. (2009). Instability of Plastid DNA in the Nuclear Genome. PLoS Genetics, 5(1), 323.
Scopus53 WoS48 Europe PMC452008 Sheppard, A., Ayliffe, M., Blatch, L., Day, A., Delaney, S., Khairul-Fahmy, N., . . . Timmis, J. (2008). Transfer of plastid DNA to the nucleus is elevated during male gametogenesis in tobacco. Plant Physiology, 148(1), 328-336.
Scopus52 WoS48 Europe PMC38- Matlock, W., Lipworth, S., Chau, K. K., AbuOun, M., Barker, L., Kavanagh, J., . . . Stoesser, N. (n.d.). Enterobacterales plasmid sharing amongst human bloodstream infections, livestock, wastewater, and waterway niches in Oxfordshire, UK. eLife, 12.
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Book Chapters
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Preprint
Year Citation 2023 Bouras, G., Houtak, G., Wick, R., Mallawaarachchi, V., Roach, M., Papudeshi, B., . . . Vreugde, S. (2023). Hybracter: Enabling Scalable, Automated, Complete and Accurate Bacterial Genome Assemblies.
DOI2017 Young, B. C., Wu, C. -H., Claire Gordon, N., Cole, K., Price, J. R., Liu, E., . . . Wilson, D. J. (2017). Severe infections emerge from the microbiome by adaptive evolution.
DOI
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Current Higher Degree by Research Supervision (University of Adelaide)
Date Role Research Topic Program Degree Type Student Load Student Name 2024 Principal Supervisor Characterisation of Mobile Genetic Elements Driving the Global Dissemination of Key Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Bethany Jane Cross 2024 Co-Supervisor Investigating the drivers of pneumococcal pathogenesis Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Kate Patricia Whyte 2024 Principal Supervisor Establishing an MGE-based network approach for identifying AMR inheritance clusters Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Max Docherty-Kenny 2024 Principal Supervisor Characterisation of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements in Animal Pathogens Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Guan Xue Lee 2023 Co-Supervisor Implement a scalable, automated workflow for transposon annotation as part of the Ruminant T2T genome sequencing consortium Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Luan Zhong 2023 Co-Supervisor Identification of pneumococcal serotype-independent antigenic regions and mobile genetic elements driving antimicrobial resistance gene mobility Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Gabriel Temitope Sunmonu 2022 Co-Supervisor The Evolution, Distribution, and Activity of R2 Elements Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Ms Nozhat Tabassum Hassan 2022 Co-Supervisor Combining machine-learning and rational design for engineering heme enzyme biocatalysts and biosensors. Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Alecia Rachel Gee 2022 Co-Supervisor Investigating pangenome graphs in plants Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Chelsea Anne Matthews
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