APrf Benjamin Binder

Associate Professor

School of Mathematical Sciences

College of Sciences

Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD - email supervisor to discuss availability.


I was awarded my PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of East Anglia, UK, 2005. The research involved numerical and analytical studies on non-linear free-surface flows. Shortly after completing my PhD I accepted a Research Associate position at the University of Adelaide, researching the chaotic dynamical systems approach to fluid mixing and its application to designing mixing devices. I briefly left Adelaide in 2007, joining the University of Melbourne as a Research Fellow. There I developed both discrete and continuous mathematical models for the neural crest cell invasion in the embryonic gut. I returned to the University of Adelaide in 2009, having been appointed a continuing position as a Lecturer in Applied Mathematics. My current research includes (i) quantifying and modelling biological spatial patterns and (ii) predicting channel bed topography in free-surface flows.

Date Position Institution name
2017 - ongoing Associate Professor in Applied Mathematics The University of Adelaide
2014 - 2016 Senior Lecturer in Applied Mathematics The University of Adelaide
2009 - 2013 Lecturer in Applied Mathematics The University of Adelaide
2007 - 2008 Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Melbourne
2005 - 2006 Postdoctoral Research Associate The University of Adelaide
2000 - 2002 Actuarial Analyst AVIVA

Date Institution name Country Title
2002 - 2005 University of East Anglia England PhD Mathematics
1997 - 2000 University of East Anglia England BSc Hons Mathematics

Year Citation
2025 Michalski, H., Mattner, T., Balasuriya, S., & Binder, B. (2025). The effect of obstacle length and height in supercritical free-surface flow. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 39(2), 23-1-23-23.
DOI
2025 Binder, B. J. (2025). Analyzing diffusion-limited processes in a cylinder using pair-correlation functions. Physical Review E, 111(5), 054106-1-054106-21.
DOI
2025 Keeler, J. S., Binder, B. J., & Blyth, M. G. (2025). Towards eliminating the nonlinear Kelvin wake. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1013, 23 pages.
DOI
2025 Netherwood, D. J., Tam, A. K. Y., Gourlay, C. W., Knežević, T., Gardner, J. M., Jiranek, V., . . . Green, J. E. F. (2025). Accidental and Regulated Cell Death in Yeast Colony Biofilms. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 87(8, article no. 110), 110-1-110-23.
DOI
2024 Michalski, H., Mattner, T., Balasuriya, S., & Binder, B. (2024). The effect of obstacle length and height in subcritical free-surface flow. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 38(4), 511-530.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1
2024 Li, K., Green, E. J. F., Tronnolone, H., Tam, A. K. Y., Black, A. J., Gardner, J. M., . . . Binder, B. J. (2024). An off-lattice discrete model to characterise filamentous yeast colony morphology. PLoS Computational Biology, 20(11), e1012605-1-e1012605-20.
DOI Europe PMC3
2024 Brown, P. J., Green, J. E. F., Binder, B. J., & Osborne, J. M. (2024). Competing mechanisms for the buckling of an epithelial monolayer identified using multicellular simulation. Mathematical Biosciences, 380, 109367-1-109367-11.
DOI
2023 Li, K., Gallo, A. J., Binder, B. J., & Green, J. E. F. (2023). A mathematical model for nutrient–limited uniaxial growth of a compressible tissue. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 575, 111631-1-111631-12.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2023 Robbins, C., Blyth, M. G., MacLean, J., & Binder, B. J. (2023). A method to calculate inverse solutions for steady open channel free-surface flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 977, 22 pages.
DOI Scopus2 WoS2
2022 Tam, A. K. Y., Harding, B., Green, J. E. F., Balasuriya, S., & Binder, B. J. (2022). Thin-film lubrication model for biofilm expansion under strong adhesion. Physical Review E, 105(1), 1-15.
DOI Scopus6 WoS6 Europe PMC6
2022 Brown, P. J., Green, J. E. F., Binder, B. J., & Osborne, J. M. (2022). Publisher Correction: A rigid body framework for multicellular modeling. Nature Computational Science, 2(1), 59.
DOI
2021 Brown, P., Green, E., Binder, B., & Osborne, J. (2021). A rigid body framework for multi-cellular modelling.
DOI Europe PMC1
2021 Gallo, A. J., Tronnolone, H., Green, J. E., & Binder, B. J. (2021). Modelling uniaxial non-uniform yeast colony growth: comparing an agent-based model and continuum approximations. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 523, 110715-1-110715-13.
DOI Scopus1 WoS1 Europe PMC1
2021 Brown, P. J., Green, J. E. F., Binder, B. J., & Osborne, J. M. (2021). A rigid body framework for multicellular modeling. Nature Computational Science, 1(11), 754-766.
DOI Scopus10 WoS11 Europe PMC8
2020 De Oliveira, A. L., & Binder, B. J. (2020). Discrete Manhattan and Chebyshev pair correlation functions in k dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW E, 102(1), 11 pages.
DOI Scopus5 WoS4 Europe PMC3
2019 Lai De Oliveira, A., & Binder, B. J. (2019). Modeling u8niaxial nonuniform cell proliferation. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 81(7), 2220-2238.
DOI Scopus3 WoS3 Europe PMC3
2019 Binder, B. J. (2019). Steady two-dimensional free-surface flow past disturbances in an open channel: Solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation and analysis of the weakly nonlinear phase space. Fluids, 4(1), 23 pages.
DOI Scopus11 WoS12
2019 Tam, A., Green, J. E. F., Balasuriya, S., Tek, E. L., Gardner, J. M., Sundstrom, J. F., . . . Binder, B. J. (2019). A thin-film extensional flow model for biofilm expansion by sliding motility. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 475(2229), 20190175-1-20190175-21.
DOI Scopus11 WoS12 Europe PMC10
2018 Dini, S., Binder, B., & Green, J. (2018). Understanding interactions between populations: individual based modelling and quantification using pair correlation functions. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 439, 50-64.
DOI Scopus15 WoS13 Europe PMC14
2018 Tam, A., Green, J., Balasuriya, S., Tek, E., Gardner, J., Sundstrom, J., . . . Binder, B. (2018). Nutrient-limited growth with non-linear cell diffusion as a mechanism for floral pattern formation in yeast biofilms. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 448, 122-141.
DOI Scopus16 WoS17 Europe PMC12
2018 Tronnolone, H., Tam, A., Szenczi, Z., Green, J., Balasuriya, S., Tek, E., . . . Binder, B. (2018). Diffusion-limited growth of microbial colonies. Scientific Reports, 8(5992), 5992-1-5992-11.
DOI Scopus32 WoS29 Europe PMC23
2018 Gontar, A., Tronnolone, H., Binder, B., & Bottema, M. (2018). Characterising shape patterns using features derived from best-fitting ellipsoids. Pattern Recognition, 83, 365-374.
DOI Scopus5 WoS5
2018 Gontar, A., Bottema, M. J., Binder, B. J., & Tronnolone, H. (2018). Characterizing the shape patterns of dimorphic yeast pseudohyphae. Royal Society Open Science, 5(10), 180820-1-180820-12.
DOI Scopus5 WoS4 Europe PMC3
2018 Keeler, J., Binder, B., & Blyth, M. (2018). Steady two-dimensional free-surface flow over semi-infinite and finite-length corrugations in an open channel. Physical Review Fluids, 3(11), 114804-1-114804-11.
DOI Scopus2 WoS4
2018 Tronnolone, H., Gardner, J., Sundstrom, J., Jiranek, V., Oliver, S., & Binder, B. (2018). TAMMiCol: tool for analysis of the morphology of microbial colonies. PLoS Computational Biology, 14(12), e1006629-1-e1006629-15.
DOI Scopus8 WoS7 Europe PMC10
2017 Newgreen, D., Zhang, D., Cheeseman, B., Binder, B., & Landman, K. (2017). Differential clonal expansion in an invading cell population: clonal advantage or dumb luck?. Cells Tissues Organs, 203(2), 105-113.
DOI Scopus10 WoS9 Europe PMC6
2017 Wade, S., Binder, B., Mattner, T., & Denier, J. (2017). Steep waves in free-surface flow past narrow topography. Physics of Fluids, 29(6), 062107-1-062107-6.
DOI Scopus8 WoS8
2017 Tronnolone, H., Gardner, J., Sundstrom, J., Jiranek, V., Oliver, S., & Binder, B. (2017). Quantifying the dominant growth mechanisms of dimorphic yeast using a lattice-based model. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14(134), 20170314-1-20170314-16.
DOI Scopus16 WoS17 Europe PMC16
2017 Keeler, J., Binder, B., & Blyth, M. (2017). On the critical free-surface flow over localised topography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 832, 73-96.
DOI Scopus13 WoS13
2016 Binder, B., & Simpson, M. (2016). Cell density and cell size dynamics during in vitro tissue growth experiments: implications for mathematical models of collective cell behaviour. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 40(4), 3438-3446.
DOI Scopus6 WoS6
2016 Johnston, S. T., Ross, J. V., Binder, B. J., Sean McElwain, D. L., Haridas, P., & Simpson, M. J. (2016). Quantifying the effect of experimental design choices for in vitro scratch assays. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 400, 19-31.
DOI Scopus35 WoS34 Europe PMC25
2016 Cui, X., Dini, S., Dai, S., Bi, J., Binder, B., Green, J., & Zhang, H. (2016). A mechanistic study on tumour spheroids formation in thermosensitive hydrogels: experiments and mathematical modelling. RSC Advances, 6(77), 73282-73291.
DOI Scopus29 WoS22
2016 Dini, S., Binder, B., Fischer, S., Mattheyer, C., Schmitz, A., Stelzer, E., . . . Green, J. (2016). Identifying the necrotic zone boundary in tumour spheroids with pair-correlation functions. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 13(123), 20160649-1-20160649-11.
DOI Scopus31 WoS29 Europe PMC22
2015 Binder, B., Sundstrom, J., Gardner, J., Jiranek, V., & Oliver, S. (2015). Quantifying two-dimensional filamentous and invasive growth spatial patterns in yeast colonies. PLoS Computational Biology, 11(2), e1004070-1-e1004070-15.
DOI Scopus18 WoS18 Europe PMC14
2015 Binder, B. J., Landman, K. A., Newgreen, D. F., & Ross, J. V. (2015). Incomplete penetrance: the role of stochasticity in developmental cell colonization. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 380, 309-314.
DOI Scopus7 WoS8 Europe PMC6
2015 Binder, B., & Simpson, M. (2015). Spectral analysis of pair-correlation bandwidth: application to cell biology images. Royal Society Open Science, 2(2), 140494-1-140494-15.
DOI Scopus19 WoS19 Europe PMC14
2015 Binder, B., Blyth, M., & Balasuriya, S. (2015). Steady free-surface flow over spatially periodic topography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 781, R3-1-R3-14.
DOI Scopus5 WoS6
2015 Tam, A., Yu, Z., Kelso, R., & Binder, B. (2015). Predicting channel bed topography in hydraulic falls. Physics of Fluids, 27(11), 112106-1-112106-7.
DOI Scopus9 WoS11
2014 Wade, S., Binder, B., Mattner, T., & Denier, J. (2014). On the free-surface flow of very steep forced solitary waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 739, 1-21.
DOI Scopus10 WoS10
2014 Cheeseman, B., Zhang, D., Binder, B., Newgreen, D., & Landman, K. (2014). Cell lineage tracing in the developing enteric nervous system: superstars revealed by experiment and simulation. Journal of the Royal Society. Interface, 11(93), 20130815-1-20130815-14.
DOI Scopus34 WoS31 Europe PMC26
2014 Agnew, D., Green, J., Brown, T., Simpson, M., & Binder, B. (2014). Distinguishing between mechanisms of cell aggregation using pair-correlation functions. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 352, 16-23.
DOI Scopus47 WoS43 Europe PMC37
2014 Davies, K., Green, J., Bean, N., Binder, B., & Ross, J. (2014). On the derivation of approximations to cellular automata models and the assumption of independence. Mathematical Biosciences, 253(1), 63-71.
DOI Scopus9 WoS8 Europe PMC7
2014 Ross, J. V., & Binder, B. J. (2014). Approximating spatially exclusive invasion processes. Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 89(5), 052709-1-052709-7.
DOI Scopus2 WoS2 Europe PMC1
2014 Treloar, K., Simpson, M., Binder, B., McElwain, D., & Baker, R. (2014). Assessing the role of spatial correlations during collective cell spreading. Science Reports, 4(1), 5713-1-5713-8.
DOI Scopus24 WoS23 Europe PMC20
2014 Binder, B., Blyth, M., & Balasuriya, S. (2014). Non-uniqueness of steady free-surface flow at critical Froude number. EPL, 105(4), 44003-1-44003-6.
DOI Scopus22 WoS21
2014 Balasuriya, S., & Binder, B. (2014). Nonautonomous analysis of steady Korteweg-de Vries waves under nonlocalised forcing. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 285, 28-41.
DOI Scopus8 WoS9
2014 Johnston, S., Simpson, M., McElwain, D., Binder, B., & Ross, J. (2014). Interpreting scratch assays using pair density dynamics and approximate Bayesian computation. Open Biology, 4(9), 140097-1-140097-9.
DOI Scopus42 WoS43 Europe PMC35
2014 Landman, K., Binder, B., & Newgreen, D. (2014). Modeling development and disease in the enteric nervous system. Journal of Cellular Automata, 9(2-3), 95-109.
Scopus1 WoS1
2013 Binder, B., & Simpson, M. (2013). Quantifying spatial structure in experimental observations and agent-based simulations using pair-correlation functions. Physical Review E. (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 88(2), 1-10.
DOI Scopus40 WoS40 Europe PMC31
2013 Binder, B., Blyth, M., & McCue, S. (2013). Free-surface flow past arbitrary topography and an inverse approach for wave-free solutions. IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, 78(4), 685-696.
DOI Scopus24 WoS24
2013 Simpson, M., Binder, B., Haridas, P., Wood, B., Treloar, K., McElwain, D., & Baker, R. (2013). Experimental and modelling investigation of monolayer development with clustering. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 75(5), 871-889.
DOI Scopus37 Europe PMC38
2013 Simpson, M., Treloar, K., Binder, B., Haridas, P., Manton, K., Leavesley, D., . . . Baker, R. (2013). Quantifying the roles of cell motility and cell proliferation in a circular barrier assay. Journal of the Royal Society. Interface, 10(82), 1-11.
DOI Scopus88 WoS87 Europe PMC80
2012 Binder, B., & Blyth, M. (2012). Electrified free-surface flow of an inviscid liquid past topography. Physics of Fluids, 24(10), 1-17.
DOI Scopus9 WoS9
2012 Binder, B., HackettJones, E., Tuke, S., & Landman, K. (2012). A modified Pólya urn process and an index for spatial distributions with volume exclusion. The ANZIAM Journal, 53(2), 122-133.
DOI Scopus3 WoS3
2012 Lustri, C., McCue, S., & Binder, B. (2012). Free surface flow past topography: A beyond-all-orders approach. European Journal of Applied Mathematics, 23(4), 441-467.
DOI Scopus36 WoS33
2012 HackettJones, E., Davies, K., Binder, B., & Landman, K. (2012). Generalized index for spatial data sets as a measure of complete spatial randomness. Physical Review E. (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 85(6), 1-9.
DOI Scopus11 WoS11 Europe PMC7
2012 Binder, B., Landman, K., Newgreen, D., Simkin, J., Takahashi, Y., & Zhang, D. (2012). Spatial analysis of multi-species exclusion processes: Application to neural crest cell migration in the embryonic gut. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 74(2), 474-490.
DOI Scopus29 WoS30 Europe PMC26
2012 Binder, B., Ross, J., & Simpson, M. (2012). A hybrid model for studying spatial aspects of infectious diseases. The ANZIAM Journal, 54(1-2), 37-49.
DOI Scopus5 WoS5
2011 Ogilat, O., McCue, S., Turner, I., Belward, J., & Binder, B. (2011). Minimising wave drag for free surface flow past a two-dimensional stern. Physics of Fluids, 23(7), 072101-1-072101-11.
DOI Scopus14 WoS13
2011 Binder, B., & Vanden-Broeck, J. (2011). Hybrid free-surface flows in a two-dimensional channel. Physical Review E. (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 84(1), 016302-1-016302-10.
DOI Scopus7 WoS7
2011 Binder, B., & Landman, K. (2011). Quantifying evenly distributed states in exclusion and nonexclusion processes. Physical Review E. (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 83(4), 041914-1-041914-9.
DOI Scopus18 WoS18 Europe PMC15
2010 Zhang, D., Brinas, I., Binder, B., Landman, K., & Newgreen, D. (2010). Neural crest regionalisation for enteric nervous system formation: Implications for Hirschsprung's disease and stem cell therapy. Developmental Biology, 339(2), 280-294.
DOI Scopus55 Europe PMC46
2010 Binder, B. (2010). Steady free-surface flow at the stern of a ship. Physics of Fluids, 22(1), 012104-1-012104-5.
DOI Scopus9 WoS11
2010 Binder, B. (2010). Ghost rods adopting the role of withdrawn baffles in batch mixer designs. Physics Letters A, 374(34), 3483-3486.
DOI Scopus10 WoS9
2009 Newgreen, D., Zhang, D., Binder, B., Simpson, M., Landman, K., Enomoto, H., & Young, H. (2009). Social controls of migration and proliferation of neural crest-derived cells in the gut. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 21(2), 223.
DOI
2009 Binder, B., Vanden-Broeck, J., & Dias, F. (2009). On satisfying the radiation condition in free-surface flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 624, 179-189.
DOI Scopus9 WoS9
2009 Binder, B., & Landman, K. (2009). Tissue growth and the Pólya distribution. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 15(2), 35-41.
2009 Binder, B. (2009). A non-linear dynamical system: flow past a sluice gate. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 15(2), 27-34.
2009 Binder, B., & Landman, K. (2009). Exclusion processes on a growing domain. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 259(3), 541-551.
DOI Scopus43 Europe PMC28
2008 Binder, B., Dias, F., & Vanden-Broeck, J. (2008). Influence of rapid changes in a channel bottom on free-surface flows. IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, 73(1), 254-273.
DOI Scopus30 WoS28
2008 Binder, B., & Cox, S. (2008). A mixer design for the pigtail braid. Fluid Dynamics Research, 40(1), 34-44.
DOI Scopus14 WoS13
2008 Binder, B., Landman, K., Simpson, M., Mariani, M., & Newgreen, D. (2008). Modeling proliferative tissue growth: a general approach and an avian case study. Physical Review E. (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 78(3), 031912-1-031912-13.
DOI Scopus69
2007 Binder, B., & Vanden-Broeck, J. (2007). The effect of disturbances on the flows under a sluice gate and past an inclined plate. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 576, 475-490.
DOI Scopus21
2006 Binder, B., Dias, F., & Vanden-Broeck, J. (2006). Steady free-surface flow past an uneven channel bottom. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 20(3), 125-144.
DOI Scopus35
2005 Binder, B., & Vanden-Broeck, J. (2005). Free surface flows past surfboards and sluice gates. European Journal of Applied Mathematics, 16(5), 601-619.
DOI Scopus22
2005 Binder, B., Vanden-Broeck, J., & Dias, F. (2005). Forced solitary waves and fronts past submerged obstacles. Chaos, 15(3), 37106-1-37106-13.
DOI Scopus53
- Tam, A., Binder, B., Green, E., Balasuriya, S., Tek, E. L., Gardner, J., . . . Jiranek, V. (n.d.). A thin-film extensional flow model for biofilm expansion by sliding motility.
DOI

Year Citation
- Tam, A., Balasuriya, S., Green, E., & Binder, B. (n.d.). Understanding floral pattern formation in yeast biofilms. Poster session presented at the meeting of Unknown Conference.
DOI

Year Citation
- Tam, A., Green, E., Balasuriya, S., Tek, E. L., Gardner, J., Sundstrom, J., . . . Binder, B. (n.d.). Code and Data [Computer Software].
DOI

Year Citation
2024 Li, K., Green, E., Tronnolone, H., Tam, A., Black, A., Gardner, J., . . . Binder, B. (2024). An off-lattice discrete model to characterise filamentous yeast colony morphology.
DOI

Date Role Research Topic Program Degree Type Student Load Student Name
2025 Principal Supervisor Predicting bottom topography underneath free-surface flow Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Miss Caitlin Lydia Anchor
2025 Principal Supervisor Predicting bottom topography underneath free-surface flow Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Miss Caitlin Lydia Anchor
2024 Principal Supervisor Open channel flow past a topographic disturbance: generalised model for short and long length bumps Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Hugh Clarke Michalski
2024 Principal Supervisor Open channel flow past a topographic disturbance: generalised model for short and long length bumps Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Hugh Clarke Michalski
2023 Principal Supervisor Mathematical modelling and spatial quantification of yeast colony growth Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Kai Li
2023 Principal Supervisor Mathematical modelling and spatial quantification of yeast colony growth Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Kai Li
2021 Principal Supervisor Analysis of the Inverse Free Surface Potential Flow Problem in Three Dimensions Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Elizabeth Marilyn Auke Jagersma
2021 Principal Supervisor Analysis of the Inverse Free Surface Potential Flow Problem in Three Dimensions Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Miss Elizabeth Marilyn Auke Jagersma

Date Role Research Topic Program Degree Type Student Load Student Name
2019 - 2023 Principal Supervisor Free surface flow over topography: an inverse approach Doctor of Philosophy under a Jointly-awarded Degree Agreement with Doctorate Full Time Mr Connor Robbins
2018 - 2020 Principal Supervisor Modelling One-Dimensional Non-Uniform Growth with Applications to Cylindrical Yeast Colonies Master of Philosophy Master Full Time Mr Anthony John Gallo
2017 - 2024 Co-Supervisor A New Approach to Agent Based Multi-Cellular Modelling Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Part Time Mr Phillip James Brown
2016 - 2019 Principal Supervisor Mathematical Modelling of Pattern Formation in Yeast Biofilms Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Alexander Tam
2014 - 2018 Principal Supervisor Free Surface Flow over Bottom Topography Doctor of Philosophy under a Jointly-awarded Degree Agreement with Doctorate Full Time Mr Jack Samuel Keeler
2014 - 2018 Principal Supervisor Spatial Quantification and Mathematical Modelling of Tissue Development Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Saber Dini
2012 - 2016 Co-Supervisor On the Derivation and Application of Closure Approximations of Cellular Automata Models Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Part Time Mr Kale James Davies
2011 - 2014 Co-Supervisor Modelling environmental turbulent fluids and multiscale modelling couples patches of wave-like system Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Meng Cao
2009 - 2015 Principal Supervisor Very Steep Solitary Waves in Two-Dimensional Free Surface Flow Doctor of Philosophy Doctorate Full Time Mr Stephen Wade

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