Delivery of nucleic acids through nucleic acid delivery vehicles for the treatment of tumours is one of the current emerging strategies for tumour therapy. Lipid nanoparticles offer improved in vivo gene biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles, rendering them a favourable approach for clinical trials. Concurrently, virus-like particles, in addition to the vaccine properties they possess, are gradually being recognised for their special properties as gene carriers due to their unique nanostructures. However, applied research in the use of virus-like particles as vectors for tumour therapy is still relatively limited compared to the research into virus-like particles as vaccines. To address these challenges, this project aims to investigate RNA-loaded virus-like particles as a potential nucleic acid delivery system for RNA therapy and cancer treatments. The project starts from developing efficient methods for packaging RNA into virus-like particles. Following this, the properties of virus-like particles loaded with mRNAs, such as stability and stiffness will be explored. Then, cell uptake and cargo release, transfection, and translation efficiency of the virus-like particles and lipid nanoparticles will be systemically explored. Finally, we will investigate and compare immunogenicity between lipid nanoparticles encapsulating an immune adjuvant and virus-like particles, intending to enhance the immune response in cancer treatment.