
Toby Freeman
School of Social Sciences
Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics
I am a Senior Research Fellow at Stretton Health Equity, part of the University of Adelaide's Stretton Institute. My core research interest is how to redress growing health inequities. My areas of research include primary health care, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, healthy public policy, and the social determinants of health.
I was previously a Senior Research Fellow and Deputy Director at the Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity at Flinders University, and a policy officer at the South Australian Council of Social Service.
My interests are around policy engaged research on health and social inequities, particularly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health inequities, health equity in public policy, and comprehensive primary health care.
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Appointments
Date Position Institution name 2021 - 2022 Policy Officer South Australian Council of Social Service 2009 - 2021 Senior Research Fellow and Deputy Director Flinders University 2002 - 2009 Research Officer Flinders University -
Education
Date Institution name Country Title 2007 Flinders University Australia PhD Flinders University Australia BPsyc(Hons) -
Research Interests
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Journals
Year Citation 2022 Roesler, A., Musolino, C., van Eyk, H., Flavel, J., Freeman, T., Fisher, M., . . . Baum, F. (2022). Conducting a rapid health promotion audit in suburban Adelaide, South Australia: Can it contribute to revitalising health promotion?. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 33(2), 488-498.
2022 Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Ziersch, A., & Freeman, T. (2022). A Framework to Determine the Extent to Which Regional Primary Healthcare Organisations Are Comprehensive or Selective in Their Approach. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(4), 479-488.
2022 Fisher, M., Freeman, T., Mackean, T., Friel, S., & Baum, F. (2022). Universal Health Coverage for Health Equity: From Principle to Practice; A Response to the Recent Commentaries. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1-3.
2022 Flavel, J., McKee, M., Freeman, T., Musolino, C., van Eyk, H., Tesfay, F. H., & Baum, F. (2022). The need for improved Australian data on social determinants of health inequities. Medical Journal of Australia, 216(8), 388-391.
2021 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Javanparast, S., Labonté, R., Lawless, A., & Barton, E. (2021). The contribution of group work to the goals of comprehensive primary health care. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 32(1), 126-136.
Scopus1 WoS22021 Friel, S., Townsend, B., Fisher, M., Harris, P., Freeman, T., & Baum, F. (2021). Power and the people's health. Social Science and Medicine, 282, 12 pages.
Scopus4 WoS4 Europe PMC12021 Windle, A., Javanparast, S., Freeman, T., & Baum, F. (2021). Assessing organisational capacity for evidence-informed health policy and planning: an adaptation of the ORACLe tool for Australian primary health care organizations. Health Research Policy and Systems, 19(1), 25-1-25-11.
2021 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Javanparast, S., Ziersch, A., Mackean, T., & Windle, A. (2021). Challenges facing primary health care in federated government systems: Implementation of Primary Health Networks in Australian states and territories. Health Policy, 125(4), 495-503.
Scopus2 WoS2 Europe PMC12021 Baum, F., & Freeman, T. (2021). Why Community Health Systems Have Not Flourished in High Income Countries: What the Australian Experience Tells Us. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, 11(1), 49-58.
Scopus1 WoS12021 Neadley, K. E., McMichael, G., Freeman, T., Browne-Yung, K., Baum, F., Pretorius, E., . . . Boyd, M. A. (2021). Capturing the social determinants of health at the individual level: A pilot study. Public Health Research and Practice, 31(2).
2021 Freeman, T., Fisher, M., Foley, K., Boyd, M. A., Ward, P. R., McMichael, G., . . . Dekker, G. (2021). Barriers to digital health services among people living in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage: Research from hospital diabetes and antenatal clinics.. Health Promot J Austr, 1-7.
2021 Fisher, M., Harris, P., Freeman, T., Mackean, T., George, E., Friel, S., & Baum, F. (2021). Implementing universal and targeted policies for health equity: lessons from Australia. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, [1]-[11].
WoS12021 Baum, F., Freeman, T., Musolino, C., Abramovitz, M., De Ceukelaire, W., Flavel, J., . . . Villar, E. (2021). Explaining covid-19 performance: What factors might predict national responses?. The BMJ, 372, 4 pages.
Scopus22 WoS19 Europe PMC142021 Browne–Yung, K., Ziersch, A., Friel, S., Freeman, T., & Baum, F. (2021). Deindustrialising economies, plant closures and affected communities: Identifying potential pathways to health inequities. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 5 pages.
2021 Foley, K., Freeman, T., Ward, P., Lawler, A., Osborne, R., & Fisher, M. (2021). Exploring access to, use of and benefits from population-oriented digital health services in Australia. Health Promotion International, 36(4), 1105-1115.
Scopus6 WoS4 Europe PMC42020 Freeman, T., Gesesew, H. A., Bambra, C., Giugliani, E. R. J., Popay, J., Sanders, D., . . . Baum, F. (2020). Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1), 19 pages.
Scopus10 WoS7 Europe PMC32020 Baum, F., Townsend, B., Fisher, M., Browne-Yung, K., Freeman, T., Ziersch, A., . . . Friel, S. (2020). Creating Political Will for Action on Health Equity: Practical Lessons for Public Health Policy Actors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, 14 pages.
WoS5 Europe PMC42020 Fisher, I. M., Freeman, T., Mackean, T., Friel, S., & Baum, F. (2020). Universal Health Coverage for Non-communicable Diseases and Health Equity: Lessons From Australian Primary Healthcare. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, 11(5), 11 pages.
Scopus6 WoS112020 Townsend, B., Friel, S., Freeman, T., Schram, A., Strazdins, L., Labonte, R., . . . Baum, F. (2020). Advancing a health equity agenda across multiple policy domains: A qualitative policy analysis of social, trade and welfare policy. BMJ Open, 10(11), 9 pages.
Scopus4 WoS5 Europe PMC22020 Musolino, C., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Labonté, R., Bodini, C., & Sanders, D. (2020). Global health activists' lessons on building social movements for Health for All. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1), 14 pages.
Scopus4 WoS4 Europe PMC22020 Ziersch, A., Freeman, T., Javanparast, S., Mackean, T., & Baum, F. (2020). Regional primary health care organisations and migrant and refugee health: the importance of prioritisation, funding, collaboration and engagement. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 44(2), 152-159.
Scopus5 WoS62020 Baum, F., Ziersch, A., Freeman, T., Javanparast, S., Henderson, J., & Mackean, T. (2020). Strife of Interests: Constraints on integrated and co-ordinated comprehensive PHC in Australia. Social Science and Medicine, 248, 9 pages.
Scopus6 WoS8 Europe PMC22020 Fisher, M., Freeman, T., Schram, A., Baum, F., & Friel, S. (2020). Implementing policy on next-generation broadband networks and implications for equity of access to high speed broadband: A case study of Australia's NBN. Telecommunications Policy, 44(7), 14 pages.
Scopus4 WoS52019 Henderson, J., Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Ziersch, A., Mackean, T., & Fuller, J. (2019). The governance of primary mental health planning by Primary Health Networks. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 54(3), 267-284.
Scopus2 WoS22019 Freeman, T., Fisher, M., Baum, F., & Friel, S. (2019). Healthy infrastructure: Australian National Broadband Network policy implementation and its importance to health equity. Information Communication and Society, 22(10), 1414-1431.
Scopus7 WoS92019 Baugh Littlejohns, L., Baum, F., Lawless, A., & Freeman, T. (2019). Disappearing health system building blocks in the health promotion policy context in South Australia (2003–2013). Critical Public Health, 29(2), 228-240.
Scopus9 WoS82019 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Mackean, T., Ziersch, A., Sherwood, J., Edwards, T., & Boffa, J. (2019). Case study of a decolonising Aboriginal community controlled comprehensive primary health care response to alcohol-related harm. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43(6), 532-537.
Scopus2 WoS1 Europe PMC12019 Browne-Yung, K., Freeman, T., Battersby, M., McEvoy, D. R., & Baum, F. (2019). Developing a screening tool to recognise social determinants of health in Australian clinical settings. Public Health Research and Practice, 29(4), 1-6.
Scopus6 Europe PMC12019 Barton, E., Freeman, T., Baum, F., Javanparast, S., & Lawless, A. (2019). The feasibility and potential use of case-tracked client journeys in primary healthcare: A pilot study. BMJ Open, 9(5), 12 pages.
Scopus2 WoS1 Europe PMC12019 Henderson, J., Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Fuller, J., Ziersch, A., & Mackean, T. (2019). Interagency collaboration in primary mental health care: Lessons from the Partners in Recovery program. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 13(1), 10 pages.
Scopus3 WoS2 Europe PMC12019 Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Ziersch, A., Henderson, J., & Mackean, T. (2019). Collaborative population health planning between Australian primary health care organisations and local government: lost opportunity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43(1), 68-74.
Scopus7 WoS9 Europe PMC22018 Javanparast, S., Windle, A., Freeman, T., & Baum, F. (2018). Community health worker programs to improve healthcare access and equity: Are they only relevant to low-and middle-income countries?. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(10), 943-954.
Scopus31 WoS29 Europe PMC162018 Baugh Littlejohns, L., Baum, F., Lawless, A., & Freeman, T. (2018). The value of a causal loop diagram in exploring the complex interplay of factors that influence health promotion in a multisectoral health system in Australia. Health Research Policy and Systems, 16(1), 12 pages.
Scopus25 WoS21 Europe PMC122018 Lee, J., Schram, A., Riley, E., Harris, P., Baum, F., Fisher, I. M., . . . Friel, S. (2018). Addressing health equity through action on the social determinants of health: A global review of policy outcome evaluation methods. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(7), 581-592.
Scopus11 WoS9 Europe PMC52018 Baum, F., Popay, J., Delany-Crowe, T., Freeman, T., Musolino, C., Alvarez-Dardet, C., . . . Sanders, D. (2018). Punching above their weight: A network to understand broader determinants of increasing life expectancy. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1), 5 pages.
Scopus7 WoS7 Europe PMC42018 Javanparast, S., Maddern, J., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Labonté, R., & Sanders, D. (2018). Change management in an environment of ongoing primary health care system reform: A case study of Australian primary health care services. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1), e76-e88.
Scopus12 WoS11 Europe PMC22018 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Labonté, R., Javanparast, S., & Lawless, A. (2018). Primary health care reform, dilemmatic space and risk of burnout among health workers. Health (United Kingdom), 22(3), 277-297.
Scopus5 WoS6 Europe PMC42018 Henderson, J., Javanparast, S., MacKean, T., Freeman, T., Baum, F., & Ziersch, A. (2018). Commissioning and equity in primary care in Australia: Views from Primary Health Networks. Health and Social Care in the Community, 26(1), 80-89.
Scopus15 WoS15 Europe PMC72018 Freeman, T., Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Ziersch, A., & Mackean, T. (2018). A framework for regional primary health care to organise actions to address health inequities. International Journal of Public Health, 63(5), 567-575.
Scopus3 WoS4 Europe PMC12018 Javanparast, S., Freeman, T., Baum, F., Labonté, R., Ziersch, A., Mackean, T., . . . Sanders, D. (2018). How institutional forces, ideas and actors shaped population health planning in Australian regional primary health care organisations. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 16 pages.
Scopus10 WoS10 Europe PMC32018 Bentley, M., Freeman, T., Baum, F., & Javanparast, S. (2018). Interprofessional teamwork in comprehensive primary healthcare services: Findings from a mixed methods study. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 32(3), 274-283.
Scopus12 WoS9 Europe PMC22018 Schram, A., Friel, S., Freeman, T., Fisher, M., Baum, F., & Harris, P. (2018). Digital Infrastructure as a Determinant of Health Equity: An Australian Case Study of the Implementation of the National Broadband Network. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 77(4), 829-842.
Scopus9 WoS102018 Windle, A., Fisher, I., Freeman, T., Baum, F., Javanparast, S., Kay, A., & Kidd, M. (2018). Increased private health fund involvement in Australia's primary health care: Implications for health equity. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 53(4), 338-354.
Scopus4 WoS52017 Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Labonte, R., Ziersch, A. M., Kidd, M. R., & Mackean, T. (2017). Lessons from medicare locals for primary health networks. Medical Journal of Australia, 207(2), 54-55.e1.
Scopus3 WoS2 Europe PMC22017 Baum, F., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Labonte, R., & Sanders, D. (2017). What is the difference between comprehensive and selective primary health care? Evidence from a five-year longitudinal realist case study in South Australia. BMJ Open, 7(4), 8 pages.
Scopus9 WoS11 Europe PMC62016 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Javanparast, S., Jolley, G., Labonté, R., . . . Sanders, D. (2016). Revisiting the ability of Australian primary healthcare services to respond to health inequity. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22(4), 332-338.
Scopus14 WoS14 Europe PMC72016 Baum, F., Freeman, T., Sanders, D., Labonté, R., Lawless, A., & Javanparast, S. (2016). Comprehensive primary health care under neo-liberalism in Australia. Social Science and Medicine, 168, 43-52.
Scopus38 WoS37 Europe PMC212016 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Labonté, R., Sanders, D., Boffa, J., . . . Javanparast, S. (2016). Case study of an aboriginal community-controlled health service in australia: Universal, rights-based, publicly funded comprehensive primary health care in action. Health and Human Rights, 18(2), 93-108.
Scopus15 WoS15 Europe PMC62016 Freeman, T., Baum, F. E., Jolley, G. M., Lawless, A., Edwards, T., Javanparast, S., & Ziersch, A. (2016). Service providers' views of community participation at six Australian primary healthcare services: Scope for empowerment and challenges to implementation. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 31(1), E1-E21.
Scopus18 WoS19 Europe PMC112015 Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Barton, E., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Fuller, J., . . . Kidd, M. R. (2015). Medicare local-local health network partnerships in South Australia: Lessons for primary health networks. Medical Journal of Australia, 203(5), 219.e1-219.e6.
Scopus9 WoS6 Europe PMC52014 Jolley, G., Freeman, T., Baum, F., Hurley, C., Lawless, A., Bentley, M., . . . Sanders, D. (2014). Health policy in South Australia 2003-10: Primary health care workforce perceptions of the impact of policy change on health promotion. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 25(2), 116-124.
Scopus20 WoS17 Europe PMC102014 Anaf, J., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Labonte, R., Javanparast, S., Jolley, G., . . . Bentley, M. (2014). Factors shaping intersectoral action in primary health care services. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38(6), 553-559.
Scopus21 WoS21 Europe PMC112014 Freeman, T., Jolley, G., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Javanparast, S., & Labonté, R. (2014). Community assessment workshops: A group method for gathering client experiences of health services. Health and Social Care in the Community, 22(1), 47-56.
Scopus8 WoS9 Europe PMC52014 Baum, F., Freeman, T., Jolley, G., Lawless, A., Bentley, M., Värttö, K., . . . Sanders, D. (2014). Health promotion in Australian multi-disciplinary primary health care services: Case studies from South Australia and the Northern Territory. Health Promotion International, 29(4), 705-719.
Scopus18 WoS13 Europe PMC82014 Lawless, A., Freeman, T., Bentley, M., Baum, F., & Jolley, G. (2014). Developing a good practice model to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive primary health care in local communities. BMC Family Practice, 15(1), 9 pages.
Scopus28 WoS26 Europe PMC182014 Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S., & Francis, T. (2014). Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: Beyond education and training of practitioners. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38(4), 355-361.
Scopus45 WoS44 Europe PMC222013 Baum, F. E., Legge, D. G., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Labonté, R., & Jolley, G. M. (2013). The potential for multi-disciplinary primary health care services to take action on the social determinants of health: Actions and constraints. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 13 pages.
Scopus48 WoS39 Europe PMC312013 Roche, A. M., Duraisingam, V., Trifonoff, A., Battams, S., Freeman, T., Tovell, A., . . . Bates, N. (2013). Sharing stories: Indigenous alcohol and other drug workers' well-being, stress and burnout. Drug and Alcohol Review, 32(5), 527-535.
Scopus19 WoS21 Europe PMC102012 Freeman, T., Roche, A. M., Williamson, P., & Pidd, K. (2012). What factors need to be addressed to support dental hygienists to assist their patients to quit smoking?. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 14(9), 1040-1047.
Scopus9 WoS8 Europe PMC62012 Baum, F., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., & Jolley, G. (2012). Community development: Improving patient safety by enhancing the use of health services. Australian Family Physician, 41(6), 424-428.
Scopus12 WoS12 Europe PMC72011 Freeman, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Labonte, R., Bentley, M., & Boffa, J. (2011). Reaching those with the greatest need: How Australian primary health care service managers, practitioners and funders understand and respond to health inequity. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 17(4), 355-361.
Scopus21 WoS20 Europe PMC162011 Wiese, M., Jolley, G., Baum, F., Freeman, T., & Kidd, M. (2011). Australia's systems of primary healthcare: The need for improved coordination and implications for Medicare Locals. Australian Family Physician, 40(12), 995-999.
Scopus11 WoS11 Europe PMC62011 Freeman, T., White, V. M., & Roche, A. M. (2011). Which Australian secondary school students are at risk of illicit drug use?. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30(6), 589-596.
Scopus3 WoS3 Europe PMC12011 Freeman, T., Roche, A. M., Williamson, P., & Pidd, K. (2011). Hazardous alcohol use interventions with emergency patients: Self-reported practices of nurses, and predictors of behaviour. EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia, 23(4), 479-489.
Scopus12 WoS10 Europe PMC22009 Roche, A. M., Bywood, P., Pidd, K., Freeman, T., & Steenson, T. (2009). Drug testing in Australian schools: Policy implications and considerations of punitive, deterrence and/or prevention measures. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20(6), 521-528.
Scopus18 WoS13 Europe PMC102009 Skinner, N., Roche, A. M., Freeman, T., & McKinnon, A. (2009). Health professionals' attitudes towards AOD-related work: Moving the traditional focus from education and training to organizational culture. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 16(3), 232-249.
Scopus43 WoS422009 Roche, A. M., Pidd, K., & Freeman, T. (2009). Achieving professional practice change: From training to workforce development. Drug and Alcohol Review, 28(5), 550-557.
Scopus17 WoS16 Europe PMC72008 Roche, A. M., Pidd, K., Bywood, P., & Freeman, T. (2008). Methamphetamine use among Australian workers and its implications for prevention. Drug and Alcohol Review, 27(3), 334-341.
Scopus18 WoS17 Europe PMC62007 Skinner, N., Feather, N. T., Freeman, T., & Roche, A. (2007). Stigma and discrimination in health-care provision to drug users: The role of values, affect, and deservingness judgments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(1), 163-186.
Scopus53 WoS472006 Edwards, D., Freeman, T., & Gilbert, A. (2006). Pharmacists' role in smoking cessation: An examination of current practice and barriers to service provision. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 14(4), 315-317.
Scopus162006 Edwards, D., Freeman, T., Litt, J., & Roche, A. M. (2006). GPs' confidence in and barriers to implementing smoking cessation activities: Compared to dentists, dental hygienists and pharmacists. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 12(3), 117-125.
Scopus82006 Roche, A. M., Freeman, T., & Skinner, N. (2006). From data to evidence, to action: Findings from a systematic review of hospital screening studies for high risk alcohol consumption. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(1), 1-14.
Scopus67 WoS63 Europe PMC382006 Edwards, D., Freeman, T., & Roche, A. M. (2006). Dentists' and dental hygienists' role in smoking cessation: An examination and comparison of current practice and barriers to service provision. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 17(2), 145-151.
Scopus30 Europe PMC192005 Skinner, N., Roche, A. M., Freeman, T., & Addy, D. (2005). Responding to alcohol and other drug issues: The effect of role adequacy and role legitimacy on motivation and satisfaction. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 12(6), 449-463.
Scopus24 WoS232004 Roche, A. M., & Freeman, T. (2004). Brief interventions: Good in theory but weak in practice. Drug and Alcohol Review, 23(1), 11-18.
Scopus102 WoS94 Europe PMC62
Baum, F., Anderson, W., Freeman, T., Lewis, V., Mackean, T., MacDougall, C., Osborne, K., & Legge, D. (2020). A History of Community Health in Australia. ARC, $265,000.
Baum, F., Delany-Crowe, T., van Eyk, H., Williams, C., Freeman, T., MacDougall, C., Fisher, M., Musolino, C., McGreevy, M., Barredo, M., Phillips, P., & Craig, J. (2018). Healthy South: Testing the feasibility of the rapid translation of Health in All Policies (HiAP) ideas to create healthy urban environments, create health promoting health services and stem the non-communicable disease epidemic in the Southern area of Adelaide. SA Academic Health Science and Translation Centre Rapid Applied Research Translation for Health Impact Grant, $199,863.
Freeman, T., Fisher, M., Ward, P., Osborne, R., Lawler, T., Biggs, J., & Robinson, M. (2017). Equity in access to, use of, and benefits from digital health strategies. Innovation Partnership Seed Grant, Flinders University, $50,000.
Baum, F., Freeman, T., Mackean, T., Sherwood, J., Ziersch, A., Askew, D., Browne, A., Dwyer, J., & Kidd, M. (2017) Decolonising practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care. National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant, $1.45m.
Baum, F., Javanparast, S., Fuller, J., Lawless, A., Reed, R., Ziersch, A., Freeman, T., & Mackean, T. (2013). Regional Primary Health Care Organisations: Population health planning, participation, equity and the extent to which initiatives are comprehensive. National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant, $1.0m.
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