My PhD research focuses on the development of a modelling and detection framework for semi-fossorial mammals in semi-arid rangeland habitats, using the southern hairy-nosed wombat and European rabbit as native and non-native case studies. The project combines field validation, remote sensing, and ecological modelling to determine optimum scales, procedures, and indicators that provide essential population knowledge of spatiotemporal trends, niche interactions, and densities at a fine scale. This work aims to address critical data gaps that have hindered effective conservation and pest management in remote arid and semi-arid landscapes.