
Dr Lidwien Verdegaal
Senior Lecturer Equine Medicine
School of Animal and Veterinary Science
Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology
Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD (as Co-Supervisor) - email supervisor to discuss availability.
Dr. Elisabeth-Lidwien J.M.M. Verdegaal, MVM, DVM, PhD, Dip ECEIM, Spec RNVA Eq Int MedSenior Lecturer | Equine Internal Medicine Specialist | Researcher in Equine Thermoregulation and Metabolism
Dr. Lidwien Verdegaal is a board-certified Equine Internal Medicine Specialist (ECEIM) with registration in The Netherlands, Europe, and Australia.
She holds a joint PhD from the University of Adelaide and Ghent University (Belgium), where her thesis, Thermoregulation in Exercising Horses, pioneered the use of telemetric gastrointestinal sensors (pills) to monitor core temperature in equine athletes under field conditions.
Her research focuses on thermoregulation, heat illness, metabolism and heat stress injury in horses, with a strong emphasis on developing innovative, non-invasive monitoring tools and identifying biomarkers of heat stress and exercise-related injury.
With more than 25 years of clinical and research experience—including high-profile international roles in Jordan and Kuwait—she has significantly advanced evidence-based strategies to safeguard equine welfare and performance in the face of climate change, transportation challenges, and competitive sport.
Dr. Verdegaal’s work has been published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers in Physiology, Animals, etc. Lidwien was humbled and excited to receive the award for best publication in the Equine Veterinary Australia on the effects of climate change on the Equine Industry.
She collaborates widely with international institutions, including Ghent University, and is actively involved in comparative exercise physiology and metabolomics. Current projects explore electrolyte supplementation strategies, risk factors for exertional rhabdomyolysis and heat illness, and translational applications of equine thermoregulation research to human athletes.
As Senior Lecturer and Course Coordinator of Equine Clinical Practice (DVM2), Dr. Verdegaal is deeply committed to teaching and mentoring the next generation of veterinarians and researchers.
She also serves as Associate Head of School – International, fostering global collaborations that strengthen the research and education profile of the School of Animal and Veterinary Science at the University of Adelaide.
For collaborations or inquiries: Lidwien.Verdegaal@adelaide.edu.au
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (PEER REVIEWED) & BOOK CHAPTERS
PhD thesis: 'Equine metabolic plasticity' (2024) Carmen Vidal Moreno de Vega (UGent). Promoters: Catherine Delesalle (UGhent) and Elisabeth-Lidwien J.M.M. Verdegaal (UoA)
Carmen Vidal Moreno De Vega, Constance De Meeûs D'Argenteuil, Berit Boshuizen, Lorie De Maré, Yannick Gansemans, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, Klara Goethals, Ward De Spiegelaere, Luc Leybaert, Elisabeth-Lidwien J.M.M. Verdegaal and Cathérine Delesalle (2024). Baselining physiological parameters in three muscles across three equine breeds. What can we learn from the horse? Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 24 pages.DOI
Verdegaal, E. -L. J. M. M., Howarth, G. S., McWhorter, T. J., & Delesalle, C. J. G. (2023). Thermoregulation during Field Exercise in Horses Using Skin Temperature Monitoring. Animals, 14(1), 136-1-136-17. DOI
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., and Delesalle C.J. (2022). Is continuous monitoring of skin surface temperature a reliable proxy to assess the thermoregulatory response in endurance horses during field exercise? Frontiers in Veterinary Science doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.894146
ter Woort, F., Dubois G., Tansley G., Didier M., Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Franklin S., and van Erck - Westergren E. (2022). Validation of an equine fitness tracker: ECG quality and arrhythmia detection. Equine Veterinary Journal doi: 10.1111/evj.13565.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., Boshuizen B., Franklin S.H., De Vega C.V., Jonas S.E., Folwell L.E., and Delesalle C.J. (2021). Continuous monitoring of the thermoregulatory response in endurance horses and trotter horses during field exercise: Baselining for future hot weather studies. Frontiers in Physiology 12. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708737.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M. Glanders disease. Book chapter; Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine (5MVC Equine), 3rd Edition; Jean-Pierre Lavoie, Nov (2019). SBN: 978-1-119-19021-9.
Bamford N.J., Sprinkle S.B., Cudmore L.A., Cullimore A.M., van Eps A.W., Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., and Tennent‐Brown B. S. (2018). Elapid snake envenomation in horses: 52 cases (2006–2016). Equine Veterinary Journal 50, 2, 196-201.
Verdegaal, E-L.J.M.M., Delesalle, C., Caraguel, C.G., Folwell, L.E., McWhorter, T.J., Howarth, G.S., and Franklin, S.H. (2017). Evaluation of a telemetric gastrointestinal pill for continuous monitoring of gastrointestinal temperature in horses at rest and during exercise. American Journal of Veterinary Research 78, 7, 778-784. doi: doi: 10.2460/ajvr.78.7.778
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M. and Franklin S.F. (2016). Science in brief: Highlights from the applied physiology, muscle and genetics abstracts at the International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP). Equine Veterinary Journal 48 9-12
de Bruijn C.M., Houterman W., Ploeg M., Ducro B., Boshuizen B., Goethals K., Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., and Delesalle C. (2016). Monitoring training response in young Friesian dressage horses using two different standardised exercise tests (SETs). BMC Veterinary Research 13, 1, 1-7.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., de Heer N., Meertens N., Maree J.T.M. and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. (2006). A right sided endocarditis of dental origin in a horse. Equine Veterinary Education 18 (4) 191-195.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. (2006); Endocarditis in the horse: a review. Equine Veterinary Education 18 (4) 196-198.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Veldhuis Kroese E.J.B., Dik K.J., van Oijen L.A.A.M. and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. (2003) Unilateral facial paralyse and keratitis sicca as a result of otitis media and temporohyoid osteoartropathy. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 128: 760-766.
Verdegaal L.J.M.M., Voorhout G., van Loon G. und Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. (2002) Herzgeräusche als zufallsbefunde bei tierärtztlichen kauf- oder verfassungsuntersuchungen – Befundung und verlauf bei 77 klinisch gesunden pferden. Pferdeheilkunde 18.
Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M., Annee M.P., Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Lemmens A.G. and Beynen A.C. (2002) Exercise- and metabolism- associated blood variables in Standardbreds fed either a low- or high-fat diet, Equine Veterinary Journal Suppl. 34: 29-32.
Conference papers Elisabeth-Lidwien J.M.M. Verdegaal
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., Kennedy H.K., and Delesalle C.J. A retrospective study of the incidence and associated risk factors of Exertional Heat Illness (EHI) in Thoroughbred racehorses in different states in Australia, preliminary results. Poster and 2 min pitch oral presentation at the International European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, Nov. 2024.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M. Skin surface temperature is not a reliable proxy for the thermoregulatory response in endurance horses. Oral presentation at Meeting, Australian Society for Medical Research (ASMR), Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, Australia, May 2023
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., and Delesalle C.J. Skin surface temperature is not a reliable proxy for the thermoregulatory response in endurance horses. Oral presentation at International Conference Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP), Uppsala, Sweden, June 2022.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., and Delesalle C.J. Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies. Oral presentation at Meeting, Australian Society for Medical Research (ASMR), Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, Australia, June 2022. Selected as one of the four finalists for the Ross Wishart award.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., and Delesalle C.J. Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies. Oral presentation at International Havemeyer Workshop on Poor Performance, Montana USA, May 2022.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., and Delesalle C.J. Continuous monitoring of the thermoregulatory response in endurance and trotter horses during field exercise: Baseline for future hot weather studies. Oral presentation at virtual conference, International Calgary International Equine Symposium. Sept. 2021.
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., Howarth G.S., McWhorter T.J., Jonas S.E., Folwell L.E., Franklin S.H., Caraguel C.G.B., Dewulf J., Boshuizen B., De Vega C.V., and Delesalle C.J. A longitudinal follow-up of the thermal response to the metabolic heat load in endurance horses and Standardbreds during field exercise. Oral presentation at virtual at the 12th International European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) conference, Valencia, Spain, Nov. 2020.
Gehring, R., Florschütz, T., Theelen, M. J. P., Verdegaal, E-L.J.M.M., and Vendrig, J. C. Towards a population pharmacokinetic model of gentamicin in septicaemic neonatal foals. Oral presentation at International Antimicrobial Agents in Veterinary Medicine (AAVM) Congress, 2020.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M. (Lidwien), Delesalle C., McWhorter T.J., Howarth G.S., McLeod K., Weaver S., Franklin S.H. Incidence and description of exertional rhabdomyolysis in endurance horses at a 160 km National ride in Australia. Oral presentation at International Conference Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP), Lorne, Australia, Nov. 2018; Comparative Exercise Physiology, 14, 1; S27.
Franklin, S., Henry, N., Collett, F and Verdegaal, EL. Prevalence and repeatability of exercise-induced arrhythmia in Standardbred racehorses in training. Oral presentation at International Conference Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP), Lorne, Australia, Nov. 2018; Comparative Exercise Physiology, 14, 1
Bamford N.J., Sprinkle S.B., Cudmore L.A., Cullimore A.M., van Eps A.W., Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., and Tennent‐Brown B. S. Elapid snake envenomation in Australian horses: 52 cases (2006–2016). Oral presentation at International Veterinary Emergency & Critical Society (IVECCS) congress, USA, Sept. 2017.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M. and van Oijen L.A.A.M. Atypical cases of equine Glanders could form a risk for re-emerging Glanders disease worldwide. Oral presentation at 10th International Equine Infectious Disease Conference (IEIDC), Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 2016. Journal Equine Veterinary Science 39, S98eS107.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Farrugia J., Franklin S.H. Owner's survey of electrolyte supplementation in Australian endurance horses, preliminary results. Oral presentation at 8th International Congress of the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nov. 2015. Journal Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30, 3, 909. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13925.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Jonas S.E., Caraguel C.G.B. and Franklin S.H. Real-time monitoring of the core body temperature in endurance horses during field exercise. Abstract poster Meeting, Australian Society for Medical Research (ASMR), Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, Australia, June 2015.
Delesalle C., Popovic A., Hespel P., Oliviera J.E., Duchateau L., Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M., de Bruijn M. Effect of aleurone supplementation on postprandrial glucose and insulin response in horses. Oral presentation at International Applied Equine Nutrition and training, ENUTRACO, Bingen and Waldagesheim, Applied equine nutrition and training, 2015.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Jonas S.E., Caraguel C.G.B. and Franklin S.H. Real-time monitoring of the core body temperature in endurance horses during field exercise. Poster presentation at 9th International Conference Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP), Chester, UK, June, 2014. Equine Veterinary Journal 46, Suppl. 46, 2–5.
Averay K., Nicholson A., and Verdegaal E.J.M.M. Preliminary evaluation of the veterinary EPOC® point-of-care (POC) clinical analyser in horses by comparison with in-house analysis and establishment of reference values. Oral presentation at International 13th Scientific Conference of European Veterinary Emergency & Critical Society (EVECCS), Prague, Czech Republic, June 2014. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2014, 24, Suppl. 1, S36.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Folwell L.E., Caraguel C.B.G., and Franklin S.H. Evaluation of a gastro-intestinal pill (Equivital®) to measure the core body temperature in exercising horses. Oral presentation at International 6th Congress of the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM), Le Touquet, France, Feb 2013. Journal Veterinary Internal Medicine, 28, 2, S703.
Folwell L.E., Franklin S.H. and Verdegaal E.J.M.M. Evaluation of a Telemetric temperature pill in exercising horses. Poster presentation at Scientific Meeting, Australian Society for Medical Research (ASMR), Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, June 2013.
Glanders disease, Invited speaker, International Veterinary Congress, European Veterinary Conference (VJD), April
Verdegaal E.J.M.M. and van der Kolk J.H. Salivary cortisol concentration in healthy aged horses, horses with hirsutism and horses with colic. Oral presentation at International at British Equine Veterinary Association Congress (BEVA), Sept. 2004.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M. and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. What is the significance of cardiac murmurs in the horse? Invited speaker, International Veterinary Congress, European Veterinary Conference (VJD), April 2003, 251-254.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Voorhout G. and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. Accidentally-found cardiac murmurs: inventory and follow-up of 85 horses in the Netherlands (1997-2002). Oral presentation at International British Equine Veterinary Association Congress (BEVA), Oct. 2002, 212-213.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M., Veldhuis-Kroese E.J.B., Dik K.J., Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M.M. Unilateral facial paralysis and keratitis sicca as a result of otitis media and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Oral presentation at International International Veterinary Congress, Equine Congress (VJD), April 2002, 269. ISSN 0957-7734.
Verdegaal E.J.M.M. and van der Kolk J.H. Cortisol concentration in saliva, a diagnostic tool in Cushing’s disease? Symposium Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Sept. 2001, 33.
Invited speaker - Conferences/ Continuous education
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M. Thermoregulation and heat stress in exercising horses. Invited speaker, Australian Veterinary Association, Adelaide, June 2023
Verdegaal E-L.J.M.M. The impact of transportation on horses’ thermoregulation and heat stress and illness. Invited speaker, Animal Transportation Association, Mexico, March 2023
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Bushfire cases management - a review of Pinery bushfire cases at EHPC, Roseworthy, SA, 2016
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Bushfire cases management - a review of Pinery bushfire cases at EVA-SA State meeting, SA, 2016
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Parenteral nutrition in hospitalised horses. ANZCS, Science week, Gold Coast, Australia; 10-12th of July 2014
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Enteral nutrition in hospitalised horses. ANZCS, Science week, Gold Coast, Australia; 10-12th of July 2014
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Thermoregulation in exercising horses. ANZCS, Science week, Gold Coast, Australia; 10-12th of July 2014
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Glanders disease, a worldwide re-emerging disease? Invited speaker, Equine Exotic infectious diseases at EVA-SA State meeting, SA; 19th of May 2013
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Equine piroplasmosis. Invited speaker, Equine Exotic infectious diseases at EVA-SA State meeting, SA; 19th of May 2013
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Metabolic disorders in endurance horses. Int Equine Sport Medicine Conference, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 23-25th of February 2013
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Case discussion endurance horses. Int. Equine Sport Conference, University of Melbourne, Werribee, 23-25th of February 2013
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Postnatal (bacterial) infections including sepsis in foals, SA-EVA congress, Mt Barker, 12th of Nov 2011.
Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Hyperthermia, dehydration and electrolytes loss in endurance horses. Invited speaker, Endurance Veterinary Seminar, Mt Barker, SA, Australia, September 2011.
Lay/discipline interviews and podcast
E-L Verdegaal, Interview in theHORSE, 'Understanding the principles of cooling down horses in hot and humid conditions: Six common misperceptions debunked'
E-L Verdegaal, Interview, 'Thermoregulation in sport horses', Podcast of the International Equine High-Performance Sports Group reaching veterinarians involved in performance, horse trainers and human athletes worldwide (2023)
E-L Verdegaal, Guest editor, PhD summary 'Thermoregulation in exercising horses', Adelaide Roseworthy Veterinary Alumni newsletter (2022)
E-L Verdegaal, Official interview ‘theHORSE’, ‘How horses heat up and cool down varies considerably' (2022)
E-L Verdegaal, Interview ‘How to prevent heat stress in horses’, published in Dutch Vet. J. (2022)
E-L Verdegaal, Evidence-based lay review on ‘Horses standing in the hot sun with no shelter: are they suffering or not?’, RSPCA (SA) impacting horse welfare in Australia (2022)
E-L Verdegaal, Media interview at Veterinary news Eurodressage (2015) consultation as an expert during an' Equine Glanders disease outbreak' in the Middle East.
E-L Verdegaal, ‘Marshmallow plant intoxication’ – cases series, an emerging disease, public media interests: UoA news and 2 popular international horse forums (the HORSE and Horsetalk) (2015)
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Appointments
Date Position Institution name 2024 - ongoing Associate Head of School - International University of Adelaide 2011 - ongoing Senior Lecturer University of Adelaide 2008 - 2011 Specialist Equine Internal Medicine Bait Al Arab 2003 - 2007 Specialist Equine Internal Medicine Royal Court 1999 - 2003 Resident Equine Internal Medicine Utrecht University -
Language Competencies
Language Competency Dutch; Flemish Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review English Can read, write, speak, understand spoken and peer review -
Education
Date Institution name Country Title 2016 - 2022 Joint-PhD: University of Adelaide, Australia & Ghent University, Belgium Australia Double PhD 1996 Utrecht University The Netherlands DVM 1994 Utrecht University Netherlands MVM -
Postgraduate Training
Date Title Institution Country Residency Equine Internal Medicine Program Utrecht University The Netherlands -
Certifications
Date Title Institution name Country 2005 Diplomate Specialist Equine Internal Medicine of Royal Netherlands Veterinarian Association Dutch Boarded Specialist Equine Internal Medicine Netherlands — Specialist in Equine Internal Medicine European Boarded Specialist in Equine Medicine - -
Research Interests
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Journals
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Book Chapters
Year Citation 2019 Verdegaal, E. J. (2019). Glanders disease. In J. -P. Lavoie (Ed.), Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine. -
Conference Papers
Year Citation 2020 Gehring, R., Florschütz, T., Theelen, M. J. P., Verdegaal, E. -L., & Vendrig, J. C. (2020). Towards a population pharmacokinetic model of gentamicin in septicaemic neonatal foals... In Proceedings of AAVM. Brussels, Belgium. 2015 Delesalle, C., Popovic, A., Hespel, P., de Oliviera, J., Duchateau, L., Verdegaal, L., & de Bruijn, M. (2015). Effect of aleurone supplementation on postprandrial glucose and insulin response in horses. In Applied equine nutrition and training: Equine NUtrition and TRAining COnference (pp. 125-132). Bingen and Waldagesheim, Germany: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
DOI2014 Verdegaal, E. J. (2014). Parenteral nutrition in hospitalised horses. In ANZCS. Gold Coast, Australia. 2014 Verdegaal, E. J. (2014). Enteral nutrition in hospitalised horses. In ANZCS, Science week. Gold Coast, Australia. 2014 Verdegaal, E. J. (2014). Thermoregulation in exercising horses. In ANZCS, Science week 2014. Gold Coast, Australia. 2013 Verdegaal, E. J. (2013). Metabolic disorders in endurance horses. In Equine Sport Medicine Conference, University of Melbourne. Werribee, Victoria, Australia. 2004 Verdegaal, E. J. M. M. (2004). Salivary cortisol concentration in healthy aged horses, horses with hirsutism and horses with colic. In British Equine Veterinary Association (EVJ). Glasgow. 2003 Verdegaal, E. J. (2003). What is the significance of cardiac murmurs and cardiac arrhythmia in horses?. In Voorjaarsdagen, European Veterinary Congress 2003. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2002 Verdegaal, L., Veldhuis Kroese, E., DIK, K., & Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M. (2002). Unilateral facial paralysis and keratitis sicca as a result of otitis media and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. In Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde. Amsterdam: Euroscience Press. 2002 Verdegaal, E. J. M. M., & Sloet, van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M. M. (2002). Accidentally-found cardiac murmurs: inventory and follow-up of 85 horses in the Netherlands (1997-2002). In BEVA (pp. 212-213). Edinbrough. -
Conference Items
2024
Travel grant, Lidwien Verdegaal, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, $2000.
2022
Travel grant, Lidwien Verdegaal, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, $2000.
2020-2021
Fight Food Waste CRC. Effects of a dried green banana supplement on the gastrointestinal health of horses. $100,000. Co-investigator.
2018
Validation of gastrointestinal inflammatory faecal marker Chief investigator Lidwien Verdegaal, collaborators Prof Gordon Howarth and Prof Catherine Delesalle (Ghent University, Belgium), School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, SEED grant funding, $5000.
2015
Travel grant, Lidwien Verdegaal, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, $2000.
2014
Thermoregulation in exercising horses, Chief investigator Lidwien Verdegaal, collaborators Prof Gordon Howarth and Prof Catherine Delesalle (Ghent university, Belgium), School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, New external research collaboration funding, $5040.
2013
Validation of the VET-EPOC project, E.J.M.M. Verdegaal, industrial funding (Alere company), valued $6000.
2012
Research equipment for thermoregulation and exercise in horses. Verdegaal, E.J.M.M. Grant for minor equipment, University of Adelaide, Australia. $20.742.
2011
Validation of the Equivital belt and Jonah temperature pill project, E.J.M.M. Verdegaal, industrial funding (BMedical Pty Ltd), valued $11000.
Since 2012, Lidwien had a colossal commitment to establishing the equine medicine part of all new DVM courses especially Equine Clinical Practice (DVM2). Lidwien also supported the establishment of the equine hospital over the years, Her part-time PhD was all done while being a clinical academic which included teaching final-year rotation students in the equine hospital and lecturing in several DVM courses. The 2nd year-long Equine Clinical Practice (ECP) DVM2 course, is coordinated by Lidwien. This ECP course recently received a comment from the staff-student liaison committee: ‘ECP students greatly appreciated and enjoyed the course’.
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Memberships
Date Role Membership Country 2011 - ongoing Member European College of Equine Internal Medicine Netherlands
Connect With Me
External Profiles