Prof Frank Grutzner
Professor
School of Biological Sciences
College of Science
Eligible to supervise Masters and PhD - email supervisor to discuss availability.
Professor Frank Grützner received his PhD at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin in 2001. In the same year he moved to the Australian National University where he led and international team that resolved the longstanding controversy about the complex sex chromosome system in the platypus. In 2005 he moved to the University of Adelaide, where he is associate Head Research and group leader at the School of Biological Sciences. Dr Grutzner has worked in the field of comparative genome biology in many different species and published extensively in leading international journals including Nature, Nature Genetics and Science. For the past 20 years he has been instrumental in establishing monotremes as a key species for research in comparative genomics and mammalian evolution.Dr Grutzner is passionate about engagement with the community and with his group and collaborators he established a award winning community based research project on echidna conservation and research (EchidnaCSI).He has won several awards for his research including the Eppendorf Medal for the Young Australian Investigator (2005) and the Tall Poppy Science Award (2007/8) and SA Science Excellence awards in Citizen Science (2021). His research has been supported by competitive ARC research fellowships and grants since 2003.
Comparative Genome Biology
Our research aims to understand how different animal genomes evolved, how they are organised and how this effects their function. We use our results to better understand genome evolution and function but also to apply our novel insights to human disease and animal conservation. Our main species of interest are the iconic egg-laying mammals, the duck-billed platypus and short-beaked echidna. As the oldest surviving mammalian lineage these extraordinary animals provide valuable insights into mammalian evolution and human disease.
current research areas:
Sex chromosome evolution and function in mammals
Sex determination in monotremes
Evolution and function of genes involved in metabolic control
Evolution of non coding RNAs in reproduction
Application and development of molecular tools, citizen science to aid monotreme field biology, conservation and captive breeding
Investigating participation and diversity in citizen science
The Monotreme Resource Centre
Egg-laying mammals feature extraordinary biology and are the oldest surviving mammal. Platypus and echidna caputure the interest of researchers worl wide ever since the first specimen were send to England in 1798. Access to material from these animals has always been the limiting factor for research to better understand the biology of these animals. Since 2001 we have assembled a world-wide unique collection of well over 1000 specimen of tissues from platypus and echidna which are availbale for research. This has resulted in breakthrough research including monotremes and new datasets that are available to the research community to use to better understand mammalian evolution. Please contact us for more information about the collection and collaborative opportunities.
| Date | Position | Institution name |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 - ongoing | Professor | University of Adelaide |
| 2018 - 2022 | ARC Future Fellow (Level 3) | The University Adelaide |
| 2013 - 2017 | ARC research fellow (Level E) | The University of Adelaide |
| 2005 - ongoing | ARC research fellow | The University of Adelaide |
| 2001 - 2004 | Researcher | Australian National University |
| 1997 - 2016 | PhD candidate | Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics |
| Date | Type | Title | Institution Name | Country | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Award | ARC Fellowship (ARF) | Australian Research Council | Australia | - |
| 2010 | Achievement | Finalist: Scopus Award for the Young Australian Researcher (Biological Sciences) | - | Australia | - |
| 2008 | Award | Research Career Development ECR Achievement award (School of Molecular and Biomedical Science) | The University of Adelaide | Australia | - |
| 2008 | Award | Certificate of merit for research excellence, Faculty of Science, University of Adelaide | The University of Adelaide | Australia | - |
| 2007 | Award | Tall Poppy Science Award | Australian Institute of Policy and Science | Australia | - |
| 2006 | Award | ARC Fellowship (ARF) | Australian Research Council | Australia | - |
| 2005 | Award | Eppendorf Medal for the Young Australian Investigator | Eppendorf | Australia | - |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| 2021 | Warren, W. C., & Grutzner, F. (2021). The Evolution of Viviparity in Vertebrates. In R. D. Geisert, & T. E. Spencer (Eds.), Placentation in Mammals (Vol. 234, pp. 7-19). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. DOI Scopus2 WoS3 Europe PMC3 |
| 2019 | Daish, T., & Grützner, F. (2019). Evolution and meiotic organization of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In B. R. Olsen (Ed.), Current Topics in Developmental Biology (Vol. 134, pp. 1-48). Cambridge, MA United States: Elsevier. DOI Scopus9 WoS11 Europe PMC10 |
| 2018 | Campbell Jones, R., Nixon, B., & Grützner, F. (2018). Reproduction in monotremes. In M. K. Skinner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Reproduction (pp. 602-608). Academic Press. DOI Scopus1 |
| 2018 | Campbell Jones, R., Nixon, B., & Grützner, F. (2018). Reproduction in Monotremes. In Encyclopedia of Reproduction Volume 1 6 Second Edition (Vol. 6, pp. 602-608). DOI |
| 2017 | Lee, E., Jacob, R., & Grutzner, F. (2017). PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and Cancer. In J. Chakrabarti, & S. Mitra (Eds.), Cancer and Noncoding RNAs (Vol. 1, 1 ed., pp. 131-150). Academic Press. DOI |
| 2011 | Lynne, M., & Grutzner, F. (2011). Replication Timing: Evolution, Nuclear Organization and Relevance for Human Disease. In H. Seligmann (Ed.), DNA Replication-Current Advances. InTech. DOI |
| 2011 | Rowell, D., Lim, S., & Grutzner, F. (2011). Chromosome Analysis in Invertebrates and Vertebrates. In V. Orgogozo, & M. Rockman (Eds.), Methods in Molecular Biology - Volume 772 - Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics (Vol. 772, 1 ed., pp. 13-36). United States: Springer. DOI Scopus8 Europe PMC3 |
| 2006 | Grutzner, F., Rens, W., Watson, J., Ferguson-Smith, M., & Graves, J. (2006). The chromosomes of monotreme mammals. In Mammalian chromosome atlas (1st ed., pp. 1-8). Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: Wiley. |
| 2005 | Grützner, F., Rens, W., Watson, J. M., Ferguson-Smith, M. A., & Graves, J. A. M. (2005). Order monotremata. In Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes (pp. 1-8). |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| 2018 | Stenhouse, A., Roetman, P., Perry, T., Grutzner, F., & Koh, L. P. (2018). Developing Citizen Science Apps for Conservation Biology: Koala Counter and EchidnaCSI. In Australian Citizen Science Conference. Adelaide, Australia. |
| 2008 | Grutzner, F. (2008). Evolution and organization of monotreme sex chromosomes. In BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION Vol. 78 (pp. 282-283). Kailua Kona, HI: SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION. DOI |
| 2007 | Rens, W., O'Brien, P. C. M., Grutzner, F., Clarke, O., Graphodatskaya, D., Tsend-Ayush, E., . . . Ferguson-Smith, M. (2007). Characterization of the platypus and echidna sex chromosome system. In CHROMOSOME RESEARCH Vol. 15 (pp. 92). Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS: SPRINGER. |
| 2007 | Veyrunes, F., Rens, W., Waters, P., Miethke, P., Alsop, A., Grutzner, F., . . . Graves, J. (2007). Does the platypus sex chromosome system derive from an ancestral bird ZW system?. In CHROMOSOME RESEARCH Vol. 15 (pp. 72-73). Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS: SPRINGER. |
| 2006 | Grutzner, F. (2006). Sex Chromosomes Down Under: XY in platypus. In Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 257¿258 (2006) 1¿5. Minutes of the 14th European Workshop on Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology of the Testis (pp. 1-5). Online. |
| 2005 | Grutzner, F., Rens, W., Tsend-Ayush, E., El-Mogharbel, N., O'Brien, P., Jones, R., . . . Graves, J. (2005). Evolution and organization of the ten sex chromosome system in platypus. In Proceedings of the Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; v. 37. ComBio 2005 : combined conference abstracts, Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide,South Australia, 25 September to 29 Septembr 2005. Adelaide, South Australia. |
| 2004 | Grutzner, F., Rens, W., Jones, R., Tsend-Ayush, E., & Graves, J. (2004). Platypus have four male-specific chromosomes that segregate together at meiosis. In Human Genome Meeting (2004: Berlin, Germany). Berlin, Germany. |
| - | Stenhouse, A., Roetman, P., Grützner, F., Perry, T., & Koh, L. P. (2018). Improving Data Quality in Citizen Science Apps for Conservation Biology. In Biodiversity Information Science and Standards Vol. 2 (pp. e26665). Pensoft Publishers. DOI |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| - | Stenhouse, A., Roetman, P., Koh, L. P., Grutzner, F., & Perry, T. (n.d.). Developing Citizen Science Apps for Conservation Biology: Koala Counter and EchidnaCSI. DOI |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | McDougal, D., Pederick, J., Shearwin-Whyatt, L., Grützner, F., & Bruning, J. (2025). Structural evolution of the estrogen receptor regulatory domain. DOI Europe PMC1 |
| 2025 | Wilson, I., Hamdan, D. D. M., & Grützner, F. (2025). Evolution and expression of Glial Cells Missing (<i>GCM1</i> and <i>GCM2</i>) in monotremes suggests an ancient role in reproduction and placentation. DOI |
| 2024 | Dann, J., Qu, Z., Shearwin-Whyatt, L., van der Ploeg, R., & Grützner, F. (2024). Pseudogenisation of NK3 Homeobox 2 (<i>Nkx3.2</i>) in Monotremes Provides Insight into Unique Gastric Anatomy and Physiology. DOI |
| 2024 | Shearwin-Whyatt, L., Fenelon, J., Yu, H., Major, A., Qu, Z., Zhou, Y., . . . Grützner, F. (2024). AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals. DOI |
| 2024 | Dann, J., & Grützner, F. (2024). Evolution of the Jawed Vertebrate (Gnathostomata) Stomach through Gene Repertoire Loss: Findings from Agastric Species. DOI Europe PMC1 |
| 2024 | Wilson, I., Perry, T., Eisenhofer, R., Rismiller, P., Shaw, M., & Grutzner, F. (2024). Pouch microbiome changes during lactation in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). DOI |
| 2023 | Perry, T., Lu, A., McKelvey, M., Rismiller, P., & Grützner, F. (2023). Bushfire alters the gut microbiome in endangered Kangaroo Island echidnas (<i>Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus</i>). DOI |
| 2023 | Lister, N., Milton, A., Patel, H., Waters, S., Hanrahan, B., McIntyre, K., . . . Waters, P. (2023). Incomplete transcriptional dosage compensation of vertebrate sex chromosomes is balanced by post-transcriptional compensation. DOI Europe PMC2 |
| 2021 | Murat, F., Mbengue, N., Winge, S. B., Trefzer, T., Leushkin, E., Sepp, M., . . . Kaessmann, H. (2021). The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals. DOI Europe PMC2 |
| 2021 | Waters, P., Patel, H., Ruiz-Herrera, A., Álvarez-González, L., Lister, N., Simakov, O., . . . Graves, J. M. (2021). Microchromosomes are building blocks of bird, reptile and mammal chromosomes. DOI Europe PMC1 |
| 2020 | Rhie, A., McCarthy, S., Fedrigo, O., Damas, J., Formenti, G., Koren, S., . . . Jarvis, E. (2020). Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species. DOI Europe PMC25 |
| 2017 | Martin, H., Batty, E., Hussin, J., Westall, P., Daish, T., Kolomyjec, S., . . . Donnelly, P. (2017). Insights into platypus population structure and history from whole-genome sequencing. DOI |
Resarch funding acknowledgements
Australian research council, Australian Geographic
Convener, Genetics 3111,3113, Genes Genome and Molecular Evolution
Lecturer: 3111,3113, PPR2, PPR3
| Date | Role | Research Topic | Program | Degree Type | Student Load | Student Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating the DMRT gene family in monotremes | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Rachel Emily van der Ploeg |
| 2025 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating the DMRT gene family in monotremes | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Rachel Emily van der Ploeg |
| 2022 | Co-Supervisor | Dietary, genetic, microbiome and environmental factors contributing to oxalate nephrosis prevalence in South Australian koalas | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Part Time | Miss Evie Dunstan |
| 2022 | Co-Supervisor | The Evolution of L1 and L2 Retrotransposons in Therian Mammals and Monotremes | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Alexander James Stuart |
| 2022 | Co-Supervisor | The Evolution of L1 and L2 Retrotransposons in Therian Mammals and Monotremes | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Alexander James Stuart |
| 2022 | Co-Supervisor | Dietary, genetic, microbiome and environmental factors contributing to oxalate nephrosis prevalence in South Australian koalas | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Evie Dunstan |
| 2021 | Principal Supervisor | Egg-laying mammals can inspire research in reproductive evolution and science education | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Ms Isabella Rose Wilson |
| 2021 | Principal Supervisor | Egg-laying mammals can inspire research in reproductive evolution and science education | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Ms Isabella Rose Wilson |
| Date | Role | Research Topic | Program | Degree Type | Student Load | Student Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 - 2023 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating the ability of novel GLP-1 variants to clear lipids in HepG2 cells | Master of Philosophy | Master | Full Time | Miss Madison Nicole Helms |
| 2018 - 2022 | Principal Supervisor | Evolution and Organization of Monotreme Sex Chromosomes | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Filip Pajpach |
| 2017 - 2021 | Principal Supervisor | The Role of piRNA Pathway Genes in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Progression | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Eunice Hsiu Yee Lee |
| 2016 - 2017 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating the Dynamics of Interchromosonal Interactions and CTCF Site Methylation at the IGF2 Locus in Mammalian Evolution and Human Disease | Master of Philosophy | Master | Full Time | Nicole Marie Williams |
| 2016 - 2023 | Co-Supervisor | Investigating the role of RNA 5-methylcytosine on ribosomal and transfer RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Jing Zhao |
| 2016 - 2021 | Principal Supervisor | Combining Molecular Techniques with Public Outreach to better Understand Wild and Captive Populations of the Short-Beaked Echidna for Applications in their Conservation and Management | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Dr Tahlia Jade Perry |
| 2010 - 2015 | Principal Supervisor | Evolution of Mammalian Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination Genes: Insights from Monotremes | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Ms Deborah Fernanda Toledo-Flores |
| 2010 - 2012 | Principal Supervisor | A First Look at Monotreme Meiotic Recombination | Master of Science | Master | Full Time | Miss Sonia Adeline Horan |
| 2010 - 2015 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating Function and Evolution of Genes and Proteins Involved in Metabolic Control in Mammals | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Ms Chuan He |
| 2009 - 2015 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating the evolution of replication timing and monoallelic expression in mammals and birds | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Megan Wright |
| 2009 - 2012 | Principal Supervisor | Function and Evolution of the piRNA Pathway in the Amniote Gonad and Human Ovarian Cancer | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Shu Ly Lim |
| 2009 - 2015 | Principal Supervisor | Investigating the Organisation of the Platypus Sex Chromosome Chain During Meiotic Prophase I | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Aaron Casey |
| 2008 - 2009 | Co-Supervisor | Identification and Analysis of the Two Tau Paralogues in Zebrafish | Master of Science | Master | Full Time | Miss Mengqi Chen |
| Date | Role | Membership | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 - ongoing | Member | ARC College of Experts | Australia |
| Date | Role | Editorial Board Name | Institution | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 - ongoing | Associate Editor | BMC Genomics | - | - |
| Date | Office Name | Institution | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 - 2016 | ARC research fellow and group leader | The University of Adelaide | Australia |
| 2006 - 2006 | Lecturer in Genetics | The University of Adelaide | Australia |
| 2003 - 2005 | ARC research fellow | Australian National University | Australia |
| 2001 - 2002 | Postdoctoral researcher | Australian National University | - |
| 2001 - 2001 | Postdoctoral researcher | Max Planck Insitute of Molecular Genetics | Germany |