Dr Michael Samuel
Research Professor of Matrix Biology
Centre for Cancer Biology
College of Health
I head the Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory at the Centre for Cancer Biology, formed by an alliance between SA Pathology and Adelaide University, and the Cancer Mechanotherapies Laboratory at the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, where I am the Australian Breast Cancer Research Fellow, funded by The Hospital Research Foundation Group. Our research focuses on understanding the tumour microenvironment, the support structure that cancers build around themselves. Current cancer therapies rely heavily on directly targeting aberrant tumour cell behaviour resulting from genetic mutations. Such approaches frequently elicit therapy resistance owing the ability of tumour cells to acquire further mutations enabling them to evade therapy. However, tumours are critically dependent upon their stromal cell component, which are populated by genetically normal cells. Targeting stromal cell behaviour can reduce the potential for therapy resistance, as stromal cells are typically genetically stable. Our research seeks to identify the mechanisms by which tumours remodel their microenvironments to promote tumour progression, with a view to uncovering new approaches to interfering with this process.
I completed my Bachelor’s degree with Honours in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Australian National University, Canberra. I then moved to Melbourne to conduct Ph.D. research at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, in the laboratory of Prof. Matthias Ernst. Here I studied the function of DNA methyltransferase dysregulation in intestinal cancers, showing that increased DNA methyltransferase activity has a causal role in tumour progression.
Moving to the Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, UK in 2006 to join the laboratory of Prof. Michael Olson as a postdoctoral scientist, I began working on the cytoskeletal signalling pathways that have absorbed my interest over the past 10 years, and laid the foundation for my current research programme. During this time, I established novel models of conditionally active cytoskeletal signalling to demonstrate that these pathways regulate tissue-level mechanical changes that promote tumour growth and progression.
In 2011, I won a Florey Fellowship to move back to Australia and in 2012 set up the Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory at the Centre for Cancer Biology with funding from a National Health and Medical Research Council New Investigator grant. I was awarded an ARC Future Fellowship in 2012.
The mechanism of tumour promotion by the Rho-ROCK signalling pathway
We have demonstrated that activating ROCK within the epidermis leads to hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes and promotes tumour formation in a murine squamous cell carcinoma model. This mechanism links ROCK activation and changes to cell tension and tissue stiffness to integrin signalling and the Wnt pathway (Cancer Cell 19(6):776-91). These results strongly support the hypothesis that signalling through ROCK plays a key role in tumour progression.
Recently, we have demonstrated that these mechanotransduction pathways are a relevant feature of human cutaneous SCC (Am. J. Pathol. 183(3):930-7) and that druggable negative regulators of mechanotransduction pathways exist (Dev. Cell 35(6): 759-774). We are currently working on identifying the mechanism by which the activation of Rho-ROCK signalling within tumour cells promotes tumour progression. We are now working on new approaches to enhance the negative regulation of mechanical signalling as novel anti-cancer therapies.
How does the Rho-ROCK pathway generate a permissive tumour microenvironment?
Our laboratory has recently shown that the Rho-ROCK pathway is progressively activated within fibroblasts, macrophages and several other cell types within the tumour microenvironment, during tumour progression. This change is accompanied by increased generation of ECM components, including collagen, fibronectin and periostin, in a ROCK-dependent manner. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that ROCK activation remodels the tissue microenvironment to promote tumour progression. This project seeks to identify the mechanisms by which activation of ROCK generates a tumour-permissive microenvironment, using our conditionally active ROCK mouse models.
How is the Rho-ROCK pathway regulated during wound healing?
We have shown that wound healing is much quicker when ROCK is activated in models within which we can control the activation of ROCK at will (Dev. Cell 35(6): 759-774). Interestingly, in patient wound samples ROCK is activated at wound margins in rapidly healing wounds and the converse is true of chronic wounds that heal slowly. We are working to identify the mechanism by which ROCK activation regulates the wound healing process with a view to identifying therapeutic targets to promote the healing of chronic wounds.
| Date | Position | Institution name |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 - ongoing | Professor of Matrix Biology | University of South Australia |
| Date | Institution name | Country | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beatson Institute | United Kingdom | Postdoctoral Training | |
| University of Melbourne | Australia | Ph.D. | |
| Australian National University | Australia | B.Sc.(Hons.) |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Ffrench, C. B., Min, K. K. M., DeNichilo, M., Cockshell, M. P., Dorward, E. L., Thompson, E. J., . . . Bonder, C. S. (2024). Desmoglein-2 is a regulator of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression. In CANCER RESEARCH Vol. 84 (pp. 3 pages). MA, Boston: AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. DOI |
| 2021 | Shirazi, A. Z., McDonnell, M. D., Fornaciari, E., Bagherian, N. S., Scheer, K. G., Samuel, M. S., . . . Gomez, G. A. (2021). A deep convolutional neural network for segmentation of whole-slide pathology images in glioblastoma. In CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH Vol. 27 (pp. 2 pages). ELECTR NETWORK: AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. DOI |
| 2019 | Strudwick, X. L., Adams, D. H., Pyne, N. T., Samuel, M. S., Murray, R. Z., & Cowin, A. J. (2019). SYSTEMIC DELIVERY OF ANTI-INTEGRIN αL ANTIBODIES REDUCE EARLY MACROPHAGE RECRUITMENT, INFLAMMATION AND SCAR FORMATION IN MURINE BURN WOUNDS. In WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION Vol. 27 (pp. A4). WILEY. |
| 2018 | Strudwick, X. L., Adams, D. H., Pyne, N. T., Samuel, M. S., Murray, R. Z., & Cowin, A. J. (2018). SYSTEMIC DELIVERY OF ANTI-INTEGRIN AL ANTIBODIES REDUCES EARLY MACROPHAGE RECRUITMENT, INFLAMMATION, AND SCAR FORMATION IN MURINE BURN WOUNDS. In WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION Vol. 26 (pp. A31). WILEY. |
| 2016 | Rath, N., Kadir, S., Morton, J. P., Pinho, A. V., Helbig, L., Julian, L., . . . Olson, M. F. (2016). ROCK kinases drive invasive pancreatic tumor growth. In CANCER RESEARCH Vol. 76 (pp. 4 pages). San Diego, CA: AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. DOI |
| 2012 | Clarke, M., Jamieson, T., Steele, C., Olson, M., Samuel, M., Das, S., . . . Nibbs, R. (2012). Inhibition of neutrophil chemokine receptor CXCR2 profoundly suppresses inflammation-driven and spontaneous tumorigenesis. In IMMUNOLOGY Vol. 137 (pp. 190). Glasgow, SCOTLAND: WILEY-BLACKWELL. WoS2 |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| 2016 | Woodcock, J., Lopez, A., Pitson, S., Samuel, M., & Coolen, C. (2016). WO2016054680, Modulators of 14-3-3 functionality and uses thereof. |
| Year | Citation |
|---|---|
| 2017 | Cazet, A., Hui, M., Elsworth, B., Wu, S., Roden, D., Chan, C. -L., . . . Swarbrick, A. (2017). Targeting stromal remodeling and cancer stem cell plasticity to overcome chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. DOI |
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Targeting lethal
metastases: finding new targets in the tumour/microenvironment interface , NHMRC - Synergy Grants, 01/01/2024 - 31/12/2028
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Defining the casual relationships between the tumour ECM and cancer outcomes, NHMRC - Ideas Grants, 01/01/2025 - 31/12/2028
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Informing the development of next-generation mechanotherapies against breast cancer metastasis, The Hospital Research Foundation, 01/09/2023 - 31/08/2028
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Insights
from the functional tumour secretome: new opportunities to monitor and halt
colorectal cancer progression , Cancer Australia, 01/06/2024 - 30/06/2027
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Investigating novel approaches to prevent breast cancer progression by targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, Tour de Cure Ltd, 01/03/2025 - 01/03/2026
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How can we harness cancer mechanobiology to prevent tumour progression?, Worldwide Cancer Research (formerly - Association for International Cancer Research), 01/01/2022 - 31/12/2024
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Targeting the microenvironment to maximise colorectal cancer therapy, AusHealth, 21/01/2023 - 31/12/2024
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How can we predict bowel cancer recurrence?, Cancer Council SA - Beat Cancer, 01/01/2023 - 31/12/2023
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Repurposing the Field Effect to understand epigenetic control of the microenvironment, NHMRC - Ideas Grants, 01/01/2020 - 31/12/2022
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Targeting ROCK-mediated microenvironment changes as a novel colorectal cancer therapy, The Hospital Research Foundation, 01/04/2018 - 17/09/2021
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How does ROCK `education' of fibroblasts drive neoplastic progression in the breast?, NHMRC - Project Grant, 01/01/2018 - 31/12/2020
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Defining the function of ROCK in establishing a tumour-promoting microenvironment, NHMRC - Project Grant, 01/01/2016 - 31/12/2019
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Using miR-200 to find new therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma, NHMRC - Project Grant, 01/01/2017 - 31/12/2019
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Defining the mechanisms regulating tissue mechano-reciprocity in wound healing, NHMRC - Project Grant, 01/01/2016 - 31/12/2018
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Mast cells are key negative regulators of skin tumourigenesis, NHMRC - Project Grant, 01/01/2014 - 31/12/2017
| Date | Role | Research Topic | Program | Degree Type | Student Load | Student Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Co-Supervisor | Understanding chemoresistance mechanisms in triple negative breast cancer | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Vishnu Sunil Jaikumar |
| 2022 | Principal Supervisor | Understanding how the epigenetic field effect exerted by cancers upon their microenvironment promotes tumour progression | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Edward Jack Buckley |
| 2022 | Co-Supervisor | Transforming Growth Factor- (TGF-) responsive regulators of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Chi Yau Liu |
| 2022 | Co-Supervisor | Advancing a novel biomarker for pancreatic cancer | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Miss Charlie Ffrench |
| 2021 | Principal Supervisor | Understanding how the Epigenetic Field Effect Exerted by Cancers upon their Microenvironment Promotes Tumour Progression | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Moganalaxmi Reckdharajkumar |
| 2021 | Co-Supervisor | Tumour protein D54 as a regulator of melanoma progression | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mr Michael Ortiz |
| 2021 | Principal Supervisor | Understanding how the epigenetic field effect exerted by cancers upon their microenvironment promotes tumour progression | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Full Time | Mrs Zahra Esmaeili |
| 2019 | Co-Supervisor | Characterisation of extracellular matrix composition across the human brain and applications in brain organoid vascularisation | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Part Time | Ms Kaitlin Grace Scheer |
| 2019 | Co-Supervisor | Revealing the role of ICAM1 in breast cancer progression | Doctor of Philosophy | Doctorate | Part Time | Ms Anahita Fouladzadeh |
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