Ian Parkinson

Student Experience

Division of Academic and Student Engagement

Dr Ian Parkinson
My substantive position is as a Senior Medical Scientist in the Bone and Joint Research Laboratory in Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, where I have been employed since 1980. This laboratory is also incorporated within the Hanson Institute. My major research areas are the aetiology of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. I am investigating the role of cancellous bone architecture and bone mineralisation in determining the strength of vertebral bodies. This research utilises state-of-the-art micro-CT imaging, backscattered electron microscopy and mechanical testing apparatus. I am using an animal model of osteoarthritis to study the onset and progression of this disease.
My role in the Discipline of Pathology is to provide supervision of bone and joint-related pathology research for undergraduate research topics, Honours projects and PhD projects.

Publications
Supervision
Contact

Journals

Year	Citation
2019	Schulte, F. A., Christen, P., Badilatti, S. D., Parkinson, I., Khosla, S., Goldhahn, J., & Müller, R. (2019). Virtual supersampling as post-processing step preserves the trabecular bone morphometry in human peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. PLoS ONE, 14(2), 11 pages. DOI Scopus1
2018	Hopkins, E., Moffat, D., Smith, C., Wong, M., Parkinson, I., Nespolon, W., . . . Nguyen, P. (2018). Accuracy of rapid on-site evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspirates by respiratory registrars in training and medical scientists compared to specialist pathologists-an initial pilot study. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 10(7), 3922-3927. DOI Scopus7 WoS7 Europe PMC2
2016	Hopkins, E., Moffat, D., Parkinson, I., Robinson, P., Jersmann, H., Dougherty, B., . . . Nguyen, P. (2016). Cell block samples from endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration provide sufficient material for ancillary testing in lung cancer-A quaternary referral centre experience. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(9), 2544-2550. DOI Scopus25 WoS26 Europe PMC18
2016	Badilatti, S. D., Christen, P., Parkinson, I., & Müller, R. (2016). Load-adaptive bone remodeling simulations reveal osteoporotic microstructural and mechanical changes in whole human vertebrae. Journal of Biomechanics, 49(16), 3770-3779. DOI Scopus16 Europe PMC6
2016	Badilatti, S. D., Christen, P., Levchuk, A., Marangalou, J. H., van Rietbergen, B., Parkinson, I., & Müller, R. (2016). Large-scale microstructural simulation of load-adaptive bone remodeling in whole human vertebrae. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 15(1), 83-95. DOI Scopus17 Europe PMC8
2015	Perilli, E., Parkinson, I., Truong, L., Chong, K., Fazzalari, N., & Osti, O. (2015). Modic (endplate) changes in the lumbar spine: bone micro-architecture and remodelling. European Spine Journal, 24(9), 1926-1934. DOI Scopus60 WoS48 Europe PMC38
2014	Briggs, A., Perilli, E., Codrington, J., Reynolds, K., Parkinson, I., & Wark, J. (2014). Subregional DXA-derived vertebral bone mineral measures are stronger predictors of failure load in specimens with lower areal bone mineral density, compared to those with higher areal bone mineral density. Calcified Tissue International, 95(2), 97-107. DOI Scopus3 WoS4 Europe PMC2
2014	Fletcher, L., Codrington, J., & Parkinson, I. (2014). Effects of fatigue induced damage on the longitudinal fracture resistance of cortical bone. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 25(7), 1661-1670. DOI Scopus10 WoS7 Europe PMC2
2013	Wang, J., Zhou, B., Parkinson, I., Thomas, C., Clement, J., Fazzalari, N., & Guo, X. (2013). Trabecular plate loss and deteriorating elastic modulus of femoral trabecular bone in intertrochanteric hip fractures. Bone Research, 4(4), 346-354. DOI Scopus18 WoS10 Europe PMC9
2013	Mohan, G., Perilli, E., Parkinson, I., Humphries, J., Fazzalari, N., & Kuliwaba, J. (2013). Pre-emptive, early, and delayed alendronate treatment in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis: effect on subchondral trabecular bone microarchitecture and cartilage degradation of the tibia, bone/cartilage turnover, and joint discomfort. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 21(10), 1595-1604. DOI Scopus52 WoS50 Europe PMC34
2013	Arthur, A., Panagopoulos, R., Cooper, L., Menicanin, D., Parkinson, I., Codrington, J., . . . Gronthos, S. (2013). EphB4 enhances the process of endochondral ossification and inhibits remodeling during bone fracture repair. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 28(4), 926-935. DOI Scopus39 WoS35 Europe PMC27
2012	Brennan, O., Kuliwaba, J., Lee, T., Parkinson, I., Fazzalari, N., McNamara, L., & O'Brien, F. (2012). Temporal changes in bone composition, architecture, and strength following estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis. Calcified Tissue International, 91(6), 440-449. DOI Scopus31 WoS26 Europe PMC20
2012	Parkinson, I., Badiei, A., Stauber, M., Codrington, J., Muller, R., & Fazzalari, N. (2012). Vertebral body bone strength: the contribution of individual trabecular element morphology. Osteoporosis International, 23(7), 1957-1965. DOI Scopus26 WoS25 Europe PMC14
2012	Perilli, E., Briggs, A., Kantor, S., Codrington, J., Wark, J., Parkinson, I., & Fazzalari, N. (2012). Failure strength of human vertebrae: prediction using bone mineral density measured by DXA and bone volume by micro-CT. Bone, 50(6), 1416-1425. DOI Scopus69 WoS65 Europe PMC44
2012	Perilli, E., Parkinson, I., & Reynolds, K. (2012). Micro-CT examination of human bone: from biopsies towards the entire organ. Instituto Superiore di Sanita. Annali, 48(1), 75-82. DOI Scopus41 WoS40 Europe PMC24
2012	Briggs, A., Perilli, E., Parkinson, I., Kantor, S., Wrigley, T., Fazzalari, N., & Wark, J. (2012). Measurement of subregional vertebral bone mineral density in vitro using lateral projection dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Validation with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 30(2), 222-231. DOI Scopus13 WoS11 Europe PMC8
2012	Cluse, Z., Fudge, A., Whiting, M., Parkinson, I., & O'Loughlin, P. (2012). Evaluation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay on the immunodiagnostic systems iSYS analyser. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 49(2), 159-165. DOI Scopus26 WoS25 Europe PMC18
2012	Zarrinkalam, M., Schultz, C., Parkinson, I., & Moore, R. (2012). Osteoporotic characteristics persist in the spine of ovariectomized sheep after withdrawal of corticosteroid administration. Journal of Osteoporosis, 2012, 1-6. DOI Scopus5 WoS4 Europe PMC4
2012	Ruffoni, D., Wirth, A., Steiner, J., Parkinson, I., Muller, R., & van Lenthe, G. (2012). The different contributions of cortical and trabecular bone to implant anchorage in a human vertebra. Bone, 50(3), 733-738. DOI Scopus37 WoS35 Europe PMC26
2011	Mohan, G., Perilli, E., Kuliwaba, J., Humphries, J., Parkinson, I., & Fazzalari, N. (2011). Application of in vivo micro-computed tomography in the temporal characterisation of subchondral bone architecture in a rat model of low-dose monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 13(6), 1-14. DOI Scopus75 WoS71 Europe PMC52
2010	Briggs, A., Perilli, E., Parkinson, I., Wrigley, T., Fazzalari, N., Kantor, S., & Wark, J. (2010). Novel assessment of subregional bone mineral density using DXA and pQCT, and subregional microarchitecture using micro-CT in whole human vertebrae: Applications, methods, and correspondence between technologies. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 13(2), 161-174. DOI Scopus23 WoS20 Europe PMC15
2010	Parkinson, I. H., Forbes, D., Sutton-Smith, P., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2010). Model-independent 3D descriptors of vertebral cancellous bone architecture. Journal of Osteoporosis, 2010, 641578-1-641578-6. DOI Europe PMC4
2009	Ross, I., Parkinson, I., & Heuzenroeder, M. (2009). The use of MAPLT and MLVA analyses of phenotypically closely related isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 299(1), 37-41. DOI Scopus13 WoS9 Europe PMC7
2008	Parkinson, I., Badiei, A., & Fazzalari, N. (2008). Variation in segmentation of bone from micro-CT imaging: implications for quantitative morphometric analysis. Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 31(2), 160-164. DOI Scopus28 WoS26 Europe PMC14
2008	Parkinson, I., & Fazzalari, N. (2008). Whole bone geometry and bone quality in distal forearm fracture. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 22(8), S59-S65. DOI Scopus10 WoS8 Europe PMC4
2008	Dickson, G., Geddis, C., Fazzalari, N., Marsh, D., & Parkinson, I. (2008). Microcomputed tomography imaging in a rat model of delayed union/non-union fracture. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 26(5), 729-736. DOI Scopus21 WoS22 Europe PMC14
2008	Fazzalari, N., Ma, B., Sutton-Smith, P., Kuliwaba, J., Phipps, R., Parkinson, I., & Badiei, A. (2008). Calcium density of bone correlates with trabecular bone architecture. Bone, 42(Suppl 1), S49-S50. DOI
2006	Fazzalari, N., Parkinson, I., Fogg, Q., & Sutton-Smith, P. (2006). Antero-postero differences in cortical thickness and cortical porosity of T12 to L5 vertebral bodies. Joint Bone Spine, 73(3), 293-297. DOI Scopus30 WoS28 Europe PMC17
2006	Sutton-Smith, P., Parkinson, I., Linn, A., Kooke, S., & Fazzalari, N. (2006). Trabecular rod buckling index in thoraco-lumbar vertebral bone. Clinical Anatomy, 18(1), 1-7. DOI Scopus1 WoS2 Europe PMC2
2006	L Fazzalari, N., Parkinson, I. H., Fogg, Q. A., & Sutton-Smith, P. (2006). Anteropostero differences in cortical thickness and cortical porosity of T12 to L5 vertebral bodies<sup>{lozenge, open}</sup>{lozenge, open}Pour citer cet article, utiliser ce titre en anglais et sa référence dans le même volume de Joint Bone Spine.. Revue du Rhumatisme (Edition Francaise), 73(5), 479-483. DOI
2004	Branford, S., Rudzki, Z., Parkinson, I., Grigg, A., Taylor, K., Seymour, J., . . . Hughes, T. (2004). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis can be used as a primary screen to identify patients with CML treated with imatinib who have BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Blood, 104(9), 2926-2932. DOI Scopus203 WoS175 Europe PMC132
2004	Stevens, M., Milne, A., Parkinson, I., Nespolon, W., Fazzalari, N., Arora, N., & Dodd, T. (2004). Effectiveness of autopapsystem location-guided screening in the evaluation of cervical cytology smears. Diagnostic Cytopathology, 31(2), 94-99. DOI Scopus9 WoS5 Europe PMC2
2003	Branford, S., Rudzki, Z., Walsh, S., Parkinson, I., Grigg, A., Szer, J., . . . Hughes, T. (2003). Detection of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with CML treated with imatinib is virtually always accompanied by clinical resistance, and mutations in the ATP phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) are associated with a poor prognosis. Blood, 102(1), 276-283. DOI Scopus672 WoS587 Europe PMC415
2003	Parkinson, I., & Fazzalari, N. (2003). Interrelationships between structural parameters of cancellous bone reveal accelerated structural change at low bone volume. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 18(12), 2200-2205. DOI Scopus56 WoS51 Europe PMC37
2003	Vijayapalan, V., Sutton-Smith, P., Parkinson, I., Martin, R., & Fazzalari, N. (2003). Trabecular rod thickness by direct measurement from 3D SEM anaglyphs. The Anatomical Record, 271A(2), 286-290. DOI Scopus8 WoS8 Europe PMC4
2001	Fazzalari, N., Costi, J., Hearn, T., Fraser, R., Vernon-Roberts, B., Hutchinson, J., . . . Sinclair, C. (2001). Mechanical and pathologic consequences of induced concentric anular tears in an ovine model. Spine, 26(23), 2575-2581. DOI Scopus79 WoS69 Europe PMC55
2001	Simpson, E., Parkinson, I., Manthey, B., & Fazzalari, N. (2001). Intervertebral disc disorganization is related to trabecular bone architecture in the lumbar spine. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 16(4), 681-687. DOI Scopus92 WoS89 Europe PMC73
2001	Fazzalari, N., Manthey, B., & Parkinson, I. (2001). Intervertebral disc disorganisation and its relationship to age adjusted vertebral body morphometry and vertebral bone architecture. The Anatomical Record. Part B: The New Anatomist, 262(3), 331-339. DOI Scopus24 WoS22 Europe PMC17
2001	Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2001). Structural complexity of cancellous bone: A fractal analysis. BONE, 28(5), S200.
2000	Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2000). Goodness of fit on a modified Richardson plot by residual analysis. Fractals, 8(3), 261-265. DOI WoS1
2000	Thompson, R. E., Pearcy, M. J., Downing, K. J. W., Manthey, B. A., Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2000). Disc lesions and the mechanics of the intervertebral joint complex. Spine, 25(23), 3026-3035. DOI Scopus64 WoS49 Europe PMC39
2000	Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2000). Methodological principles for fractal analysis of trabecular bone. Journal of Microscopy, 198(2), 134-142. DOI Scopus49 WoS45 Europe PMC30
2000	Parkinson, I., & Fazzalari, N. (2000). Fractal analysis of trabecular bone: A standardised methodology. Image Analysis and Stereology, 19(1), 45-49. DOI Scopus1
1998	Doyle, R., Steele, T., McLennan, A., Parkinson, I., Manning, P., & Heuzenroeder, M. (1998). Sequence analysis of the mip gene of the soilborne pathogen Legionella longbeachae.. Infection and Immunity, 66(4), 1492-1499. DOI Scopus35 WoS34 Europe PMC21
1998	Fazzalari, N., & Parkinson, I. (1998). Femoral Trabecular Bone of Osteoarthritic and Normal Subjects in an Age and Sex Matched Group. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 6(6), 377-382. DOI Scopus64 Europe PMC48
1998	Fazzalari, N., & Parkinson, I. (1998). Fractal Properties of Cancellous Bone of the Iliac Crest in Vertebral Crush Fracture. Bone, 23(1), 53-57. DOI Scopus37 Europe PMC20
1997	McNeil, P., Durbridge, T., Parkinson, I., & Moore, R. (1997). Simple method for the simultaneous demonstration of formation and resorption in undecalcified bone embedded in methyl methacrylate. Journal of Histotechnology, 20(4), 307-311. DOI Scopus5 WoS4
1997	Fazzalari, N., & Parkinson, I. (1997). Fractal properties of subchondral cancellous bone in severe osteoarthritis of the hip. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12(4), 632-640. DOI Scopus72 Europe PMC35
1996	Fazzalari, N., & Parkinson, I. (1996). Fractal dimension and architecture of trabecular bone. Journal of Pathology, 178(1), 100-105. DOI Scopus114 Europe PMC58
1996	Smith, P. S., Parkinson, I. H., & Leong, A. S. Y. (1996). Principles of ploidy analysis by static cytometry. Journal of Clinical Pathology - Clinical Molecular Pathology, 49(2), M104-M111. DOI Scopus14
1995	Fazzalari, N., & Parkinson, I. (1995). Fractal properties of iliac crest bone in vertebral crush fracture. Bone, 16, 148S.
1994	Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (1994). Cancellous bone structure analysis using image analysis. Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 17(2), 64-70. Scopus25 Europe PMC4
1992	Moore, R. J., Durbridge, T. C., McNcil, P. J., Parkinson, I. H., Need, A. G., & Vernon‐Roberts, B. (1992). Trabecular spacing in post‐menspausal Australian women with and without vertebral fractures. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 22(3), 269-273. DOI Scopus33 Europe PMC20
1992	Matthews, S., Pearcy, M. J., Fazzalari, N. L., Parkinson, I. H., Manthey, B. A., Schultz, C. G., & Howie, D. W. (1992). Correlations between the mechanical properties, radiology and histomorphometry of human femoral bone. Clinical Biomechanics, 7(3), 153-160. DOI Scopus5 WoS5 Europe PMC2
1991	Parkinson, I. H., Fazzalari, N. L., Durbridge, T. C., & Moore, R. J. (1991). Simplified approach to enzymatic identification of osteoclastic bone resorption. Journal of Histotechnology, 14(2), 81-83. DOI Scopus7
1990	Fazzalari, N., Vernon-Roberts, B., Manthey, B., & Parkinson, I. (1990). Relationship between changes in articular cartilage and bone in the femoral head in osteoarthritis of the hip. Journal of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, 3(3), 155-169. Scopus15
1990	Parkinson, I. H., Parsons, A. M., & Moore, R. J. (1990). The histochemic localization of osteoclasts in EDTA decalcified bonee. Journal of Histotechnology, 13(3), 189-191. DOI Scopus9
1990	Durbridge, T. C., Morris, H. A., Parsons, A. M., Parkinson, I. H., Moore, R. J., Porter, S., . . . Vernon-Roberts, B. (1990). Progressive cancellous bone loss in rats after adrenalectomy and oophorectomy. Calcified Tissue International, 47(6), 383-387. DOI Scopus47 WoS42 Europe PMC28
1990	Crane, G. J., Fazzalari, N. L., Parkinson, I. H., & Vernon-Roberts, B. (1990). Age-related changes in femoral trabecular bone in arthrosis. Acta Orthopaedica, 61(5), 421-426. DOI Scopus36 WoS33 Europe PMC24
1986	Parkinson, I., & Daymon, M. (1986). A method for producing artificial spirochete control material. Journal of Histotechnology, 9(4), 247-248. DOI

Book Chapters

Year	Citation
2013	Parkinson, I., & Fazzalari, N. (2013). Characterisation of trabecular bone structure. In M. Silva (Ed.), Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Vol. 5, 1 ed., pp. 31-51). Germany: Springer. DOI Scopus40

Conference Papers

Year	Citation
2014	Fletcher, L., Codrington, J., & Parkinson, I. (2014). Methods for assessing the effects of accumulated fatigue damage on the fracture resistance of cortical bone. In 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 2014, as Part of Engineers Australia Convention 2014 (pp. 167-175). online / CD: Engineers Australia.
2012	Fletcher, L., Codrington, J., & Parkinson, I. (2012). Effects of irradiation and non-enzymatic glycation on the fracture resistance of bovine cortical bone. In Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 7 (pp. 322-330). CDROM / DVDROM: Engineers Australia. Scopus1
2011	Perilli, E., Briggs, A. M., Codrington, J. D., Kantor, S., Parkinson, I. H., Fazzalari, N. L., & Wark, J. D. (2011). WHOLE VERTEBRAL BODY STRENGTH PREDICTED BY BONE MINERAL DENSITY FROM DXA AND BY BONE MICROARCHITECTURE FROM MICRO-CT. In OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL Vol. 22 (pp. S542). Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA: SPRINGER LONDON LTD. WoS1
2009	Parkinson, I. H., Badiei, A., Stauber, M., Muller, R., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2009). Trabecular rod and plate morphology improves prediction of vertebral body bone strength beyond apparent bone density. In BONE Vol. 44 (pp. S112). Sydney, AUSTRALIA: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. DOI
2009	Perilli, E., Briggs, A. M., Wark, J. D., Kantor, S., Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2009). Whole human vertebral body BMD and bone volume fraction examined by DXA and micro-CT. In BONE Vol. 44 (pp. S375). Vienna, AUSTRIA: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. DOI
2009	Perilli, E., Briggs, A. M., Wark, J. D., Kantor, S., Parkinson, I. H., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2009). BMD and bone volume fraction of entire human vertebral bodies examined by DXA and micro-CT. In BONE Vol. 44 (pp. S97-S98). Sydney, AUSTRALIA: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. DOI
2006	Parkinson, I. H., Badiei, A., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2006). Independent predictors of human vertebral body bone strength.. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH Vol. 21 (pp. S409). Philadelphia, PA: AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES.
2003	Smith, P., Fazzalari, N. L., & Parkinson, I. H. (2003). Vertebral body bone architecture measurement using 3D anaglyphs. In BONE Vol. 32 (pp. S179). OSAKA, JAPAN: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC.

Conference Items

Year	Citation
2008	Ma, B., Parkinson, I. H., Badiei, A., Cotton, N. J., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2008). Non-invasive comparison of poly lactide carbonate implants with different additives on bone formation in ovariectomised rats. Poster session presented at the meeting of Abstracts of the 35th European Symposium on Calcified Tissues, as published in Calcified Tissue International. Barcelona, Spain: Springer-Verlag. DOI
2000	Wilson, D., Crowley, C., Gardner, J., Wilson, M., Wilson, M., Wiebkin, O., . . . Fazzalari, N. (2000). Trabecular bone architecture of the human temporomandibular joint. Poster session presented at the meeting of Journal of Dental Research Vol 79 (5) May 2000. VA, USA: International Assoc for Dental Research.
2000	Wiebkin, O., Gardner, J., Wilson, M., Wilson, M., Parkinson, I., Fazzalari, N., & Wilson, D. (2000). Quantitation of the trabecular structure of the condyle: a study of temporomandibular joints. Poster session presented at the meeting of Abstracts XVIIth meeting of the Federation of the European Connective Tissue Societies. Greece: Hellenic Connective Tissue Club.
2000	Wilson, D., Crowley, C., Gardner, J., Wilson, M., Wilson, M., Wiebkin, O., . . . Fazzalari, N. (2000). Quantification of the architecture of the condyle of Human temporomandibular (Joint). Poster session presented at the meeting of Proceedings of The Human Skeleton - from molecules to structure and function. South Australia: Div of Tissue Pathology IMVS, Dept of Orthopaedics & Trauma Adelaide University.

Past Higher Degree by Research Supervision (University of Adelaide)

Date	Role	Research Topic	Program	Degree Type	Student Load	Student Name
2012 - 2015	Co-Supervisor	Fatigue Fracture Interaction Mechanisms in Cortical Bone	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Lloyd Colin Fletcher
2012 - 2015	Co-Supervisor	Corticotomy-Assisted Orthodontics	Doctor of Clinical Dentistry	Doctorate	Full Time	Dr Nida Khan
2010 - 2013	Co-Supervisor	Biological Response to Corticotomy-Assisted Orthodontics	Doctor of Clinical Dentistry	Doctorate	Full Time	Dr Cherry Zaw
2009 - 2012	Co-Supervisor	Corticotomy Enhanced Orthodontics	Doctor of Clinical Dentistry	Doctorate	Full Time	Dr Mun Jing Jong
2008 - 2012	Co-Supervisor	Mechanisms of Osteoarthritis: Interrelationships between Bone and Cartilage	Doctor of Philosophy	Doctorate	Full Time	Miss Geetha Mohan

Email: ian.parkinson@adelaide.edu.au